Introduction: The morphology of endometrium undergoes changes in response to the sex hormones periodically. Estrogen predominantly causes mitotic activity and increases the proliferation of endometrium and progesterone antagonizes the activity of estrogen. However, factors which increase the circulating levels of estrogens such as exogenous intake of hormonal pills or endogenous increase of est...

OBJECTIVE Aim of this study was to evaluate role of hysteroscopy in thickened endometrium (>5 mm) associated with tamoxifen therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed dilatation and curettage (D&C) and hysteroscopic biopsy to patients for evaluation of thickened endometrium in tamoxifen therapy. One hundred and nine asymptomatic patients with estrogen receptor positive breast cancer treated ...

BACKGROUND Although the immunocompetent cells of the adult human endometrium are well characterized, there is little information about these cells in the developing uterus. This study was undertaken to investigate the distribution of leukocyte subpopulations in the endometrium of fetuses and children. METHODS Uterine tissue obtained at autopsy from fetuses (n = 11) and neonates/children (n = ...

BACKGROUND MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short, highly conserved small noncoding RNAs that had fundamental roles in post-transcriptional gene expression, and they are crucial for proper control of biological processes and known to participate in embryo implantation. However, miRNA expression profiles in the pre-receptive and receptive phases of the goat endometrium during embryo implantation are unkno...

Aim Although a thin endometrium has been well recognized as a critical factor in implantation failure, little information is available regarding the molecular mechanisms. The present study investigated these mechanisms by using genome-wide mRNA expression analysis. Methods Thin and normal endometrial tissue was obtained from a total of six women during the mid-luteal phase of the menstrual cy...

Human endometrium is a unique tissue that undergoes sequential phases of proliferation, and secretory changes followed by tissue shedding and bleeding during menstruation. Tissue remodeling is a distinct feature of human endometrium in the secretory phase which prepares endometrium for implantation during the "receptive phase" of the cycle. A discrete dissolution of extracellular matrix (ECM) b...

BACKGROUND Accumulated evidence reveals that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) was overexpressed in eutopic endometrium of endometriosis, which may play a critical role in the pathogenesis of endometriosis. However, few studies have been performed to explore the molecular mechanisms underlying the abnormal high expression of COX-2 in endometriosis. Considering the fact that a number of recent studies ha...

In spite of their key role in various immunological processes occurring in the endometrium, T cells- especially ab+ subtype- residing in this mucosal tissue, have not been extensively explored. We present here the profile of expressed genes for variable region of b chain of T cell receptor (TCR) in normal endometrium as compared to peripheral blood. Samples from endometrium were taken from norm...

During gestation, many important molecular factors associated with embryo implantation and development occur within the female reproductive tract. The endometrium includes the muscosal lining of the uterus, which gives a convenient location for implantation and development of a fertilized egg and fetus. At present, the molecular cascades in the uterus endometrium during pregnancy periods in far...