For the microviruses and the leviviruses, bacteriophages with small single-stranded genomes, host lysis is accomplished by expression of a single gene that encodes an inhibitor of cell wall synthesis. In contrast, phages with double-stranded DNA genomes use a more complex system involving, at minimum, an endolysin, which degrades peptidoglycan, and a holin, which permeabilizes the membrane in a...

Many streptomycetes strains are hardly or not at all transformable via protoplasts, there is a problem with the regeneration of protoplasts. We found that protoplasts formed directly in cultivation media under submerged conditions presence lytic enzyme. Actinophage ?1/6 endolysin and lysozyme were used this study. Streptomyces cultivated several glycine enzyme for 24 48h. The highest amounts (a...

Clostridium perfringens commonly occurs in food and feed, can produce an enterotoxin frequently implicated in food-borne disease, and has a substantial negative impact on the poultry industry. As a step towards new approaches for control of this organism, we investigated the cell wall lysis system of C. perfringens bacteriophage phi3626, whose dual lysis gene cassette consists of a holin gene a...