Results A 21 year old primigravid woman admitted to our clinic with suspicion of cervical incompetence at 22 weeks of gestation. She complained of light vaginal bleeding and a vaginal mass. She did not have any pain. Her past medical history was uneventful. A detailed abdominal 2D ultrasound scan was performed to verify the presence of the pregnancy and research for associated anomalies. The US...

INTRODUCTION Gonorrhoea is a common sexually transmitted disease caused by Neisseria gonorrhoeae (Ng) infection. Light microscopy of urogenital smears is used as a simple tool to diagnose urogenital gonorrhoea in many resource-limited settings. We aimed to evaluate the accuracy of light microscopy to diagnose urogenital gonorrhoea as compared with a PCR-based test. METHODS In 2014, we examine...

BACKGROUND Measurement of immune mediators and antimicrobial activity in female genital tract secretions may provide biomarkers predictive of risk for HIV-1 acquisition and surrogate markers of microbicide safety. However, optimal methods for sample collection do not exist. This study compared collection methods. METHODS Secretions were collected from 48 women (24 with bacterial vaginosis [BV...

High plasma HIV-1 RNA concentrations are associated with an increased risk of HIV-1 transmission. Although plasma and genital HIV-1 RNA concentrations are correlated, no study has evaluated the relationship between genital HIV-1 RNA and the risk of heterosexual HIV-1 transmission. In a prospective study of 2521 African HIV-1 serodiscordant couples, we assessed genital HIV-1 RNA quantity and HIV...

Background: Ureaplasma urealyticum is known as a sexually transmitted agent, causing mainly urethritis, pelvic int1ammatory disease, spontaneous abortion, pyelonephritis, infertility, stillbirth, low birth weight neonatal meningititis, and neonatal pneumonia. U. urealyticum infections not only jeopardize fertility but also pose a risk for infertility treatment and resulting pregnancies. Dia...

Objective: To investigate the expression and significance of Insulin like growth factor-II mRNA binding protein 3 (IMP3) and P16INK4a in adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix. Methods: Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of IMP3(SP method) and P16INK4a (EnVision) in 25 cases of benign endocervical glands (BEG), 15 cases of endocervical adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) and 56...

Most cervical adenocarcinomas currently are HPV related. With increasing use of vaccine, the prevalence related carcinomas may reduce & there might be relative increase in occurrence non carcinomas. Gastric variant adenocarcinoma is one such HPV-independent carcinoma and recognized as distinct entity by WHO 2014. A spectrum benign, premalignant malignant endocervical lesions showing gastric...

OBJECTIVES To examine the accuracy of a commercial polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test (Amplicor CTR, Roche Diagnostic Systems, Branchburg NJ) for identification of endocervical chlamydial infections through both laboratory evaluation and among a diverse teaching hospital patient population. METHODS Testing of reliable threshold inocula and reproducibility were carried out using laboratory s...

The importance of cervical squamous metaplasia and human papillomavirus 16 (HPV 16) infection for cervical carcinoma has been well established. Nearly 87% of the intraepithelial neoplasia of the cervix occur in the transformation zone, which is composed of squamous metaplastic cells with unclear origin. HPV DNA, mostly HPV 16, has been found in 90% of cervical carcinomas, but only limited exper...

OBJECTIVE To determine the impact of not keeping the collecting device in liquid-based cytology. Loss of material was computed from a pair of subsamples from the same cervical scrape. One subsample was obtained by rinsing the collecting device in one vial and the other by discarding it in another vial. Homogeneity of endocervical component was assessed between subsamples. MATERIALS AND METHOD...