1 . Our investigations might be suggested by a sort of optimalization problem which could be described vividly in practical terms as follows : suppose we are given a network of routes on which there are critical points endangered by fire. We want to place fire stations at an appropriate number of points from which any endangered point can be reached within a given time interval in case of emerg...

The pronghorn antelope (Antilocapra americana) is the rarest and least-known hoofedmammal classified as a game species in the state of Washington. (Woodland caribou, Rangifer tarandus caribou, are rarer, but are classified as Endangered under both Federal and Washington’s state endangered species statute). Although often called simply “antelope”, pronghorns are not true antelope at all; most au...

In this paper, we propose a Multimedia Scripting System (MSS) to support endangered language learning. With the use of advanced multimedia techniques and web 2.0 technology, MSS provides a user friendly environment to ensure that general users (without strong technical backgrounds) in an on-line community can effectively and collectively create multimedia stories and game scripts for a common c...

China is exceptionally rich in biodiversity, with more than 30000 vascular plant species that include many endemic genera, species of ancient origin, and cultivated plants (Yang et al. 2005). Because of rapid economic development, population growth, pollution, and continuing resource exploitation, China’s plant diversity faces severe threats. According to the Chinese National Report on Biodiver...

The Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended, assigns the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service the responsibility for listing species of plants and animals in the United States whose existence is either threatened or endangered. After a species is listed, the Service is responsible for, among other things, developing recovery plans, reviewing proposed federal actions to ensure that they do not comp...

Although controversy surrounds cloning efforts, the cloning of animals to assist efforts to preserve genetic variation in support of endangered species conservation efforts has attracted serious interest. A recent report by Loi et al. describing the cloning of a mouflon (a species of wild sheep) in a domestic sheep surrogate points to potential conservation opportunities and additional challeng...

To the Editor:—As a junior faculty member committed to becoming an anesthesiology physician scientist, I read the article by Schwinn and Balser on recruiting and training more of my own with great interest. However, one issue not touched upon either in the article or in the accompanying Editorial View is that a large portion of recent anesthesiology graduates, including myself, do not hold US c...

We, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service), determine endangered status for the rayed bean (Villosa fabalis) and snuffbox (Epioblasma triquetra) mussels throughout their ranges, under the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (Act). DATES: This rule becomes effective on March 15, 2012. ADDRESSES: This final rule is available on the Internet at http:// www.regulations.gov at Docket Nu...

We describe the WordsEye Linguistics tool (WELT), a novel tool for the documentation and preservation of endangered languages. WELT is based on WordsEye (Coyne and Sproat, 2001), a text-toscene tool that automatically generates 3D scenes from written input. WELT has two modes of operation. In the first mode, English input automatically generates a picture which can be used to elicit a descripti...

Currently, the main arena for computer-based linguistic contribution towards endangered languages is in data encoding and standardization. This phase urgently needs to be complemented by a period of working out how to deliver computer-based language support to endangered language communities. Established linguistic practice has neither sufficiently documented nor strengthened endangered languag...