BACKGROUND Dysphagia, is a significant sign of many different lesions in upper digestive system especially in proximal esophagus. Tumors, gastroesophageal reflux, achalasia and extrinsic compressions are the most common causes that may lead to dysphagia in geriatric population. Cervical osteophyte induced dysphagia, is one of the uncommon reasons of dysphagia, therefore other causes of dysphagi...

Two cases of elongated styloid process are reported. The first occurred in a 27-year-old man whose only complaint was pain when moving the jaw, and its differential diagnosis was comparatively simple. The second case occurred in a 33-year-old woman, for whose condition differential diagnosis was more difficult, as she presented many symptoms, including neuralgic pain in the face and neck, pain ...

The styloid process is a cylindrical, long cartilaginous bone located on the temporal bone. The calcified stylohyoid ligament and elongated styloid process can be identified radiographically, and they are associated with a number of syndromes and symptoms. The exact cause of the styloid process elongation due to calcification and subsequent ossification of ligament is unclear. This report prese...

It is a routine protocol to examine the soft tissues, cartilage and bone tissues of neck during post-mortem examinations performed in cases hanging-related deaths. Fractures hyoid thyroid cartilage, as well bleeding ecchymoses around first fracture are practically great importance establishing case live hanging. The styloid process thin at base skull that extends downward, medially, anteriorly ...