developed technology, has enabled sophisticated computer software named as “electronic agent” initiate and complete transactions without human intervention. having considered the notion of electronic agents, this paper is going to consider their legal nature and analyze treatments taken by writers, international instruments, national laws and legal procedures on electronic agents. finally this ...

In credit based payment systems, con dential data such as PIN and credit card number embedded in an electronic credit card must be protected. The authenticity of an electronic credit card in a payment process is normally achieved through an on-line trusted server such as a nancial institution that runs the payment system. This paper considers some novel secure electronic credit card based payme...

Security is an important factor for the wide acceptance of the electronic commerce services. Special security mechanisms are needed for the implementation of secure electronic payment systems that permit the integration of the electronic transactions. In the framework of the information brokerage system that has been developed by the GAIA project of the European Union a number of such mechanism...

Electronic Commerce over the Internet is one of the most rapidly growing areas in todays business. However, considering the most important phase of Electronic Commerce, the payment , it has to be noted that in most currently exploited approaches, support for at least one of the participants is limited. From a general point of view, a couple of requirements for correct payment interactions exist...

The potential service providers, customers, as well as financial institutions are constructing geographically the largest global business net in the business history over the Internet. The payment mechanism needed for this new business medium is a very important issue. This paper presents a simple debit-based electronic payment protocol QIPP (Qudro-way Internet Payment Protocol) and its impleme...

0377-2217/$ see front matter 2010 Elsevier B.V. A doi:10.1016/j.ejor.2010.03.001 E-mail address: [email protected] For many musical instruments, a musician depresses various combinations of keys in order to play the notes in the instrument’s range. For traditional (or acoustic) instruments of this type (e.g., woodwinds and most brass), the ways in which the combinations of keys can be assigne...

In electronic commerce, the challenges of payment transactions were initially underestimated. Business via the internet and mobile telephony has so far been dominated by the methods of payment systems in traditional business. However, in light of advances in e-commerce, traditional business models are increasingly coming up against their limits. To understand the concept of electronic commerce,...

This paper presents a generic electronic payment model which is intended for a multi-merchant transaction, in which more than one merchant (the retailer, multiple resellers and content providers) are involved in the distribution of electronic contents. With our payment model, every involved merchant will be notified to verify the license information of a content on the settlement day before the...

With the development of electronic commerce (e-commerce), the electronic payment (e-payment) has become a popular method of payment. Its security and trust are the great attention of customers. This paper is an attempt to compare the current widely used e-payment systems to invest the issues and priority of e-payment over ecommerce, specifically the B2C e-commerce in a specific market China. Gr...

Why have general-purpose stored-value cards been unsuccessful in penetrating the U.S. market? Three necessary conditions for a payment instrument to be successful are discussed: consumers and merchants need to be convinced of its advantages over existing payment alternatives for at least some types of transactions; payment providers must convince consumers and merchants simultaneously of its be...