Using a nerve stimulation model, areas of excitation can be calculated for different configurations of intrafascicular electrodes. Theory predicts fibre selectivity and recruitment order to depend on the electrode configuration used. This is verified by experiment. These experiments though also reveal two new phenomena indicating that the effect of a stimulus is influenced by preceding stimuli ...

In this issue of Neuron, Parvizi et al. (2013) show that mild electrical stimulation using depth electrodes in the brains in human patients reliably elicits a highly specific configuration of cognitive-emotional-motivational responses to persevere in the face of danger. The underlying mechanisms involve distributed networks, both cortical and subcortical.

We have studied a stacked-type electrostatic actuator by folding two ribbon electrodes in an alternate configuration. The energy efficiency of this type of actuator was investigated using the thick-electrode-part actuator and triangle-shaped actuator. The maximum energy efficiency levels were 30–40% for the thick-electrode-part actuator and 40–50% for the triangle-shaped actuator.

A technique for recording His bundle activity in man without fluoroscopic guidance is described. Balloon tipped triOr tetrapolar catheters were designed with pacing electrodes located at the catheter tip, and two fine sensing electrodes 4 and 5 cm behind it. The catheter tip was preformed into a "J" curve. Following percutaneous transfemoral insertion, the catheter is floated to the right ventr...

A new method for the non invasive estimation of motor unit distribution within the muscle is proposed. It is based on the surface EMG signal detected at different contraction levels in single differential configuration from an array of electrodes placed over the considered muscle in the direction orthogonal to the fibres.

This paper presents the results of the first investigations into the use of bipolar electrical stimulation of the retina with a suprachoroidal vision prosthesis, and the effects of different electrode configurations on localization of responses on the primary visual cortex. Cats were implanted with electrodes in the suprachoroidal space, and electrically evoked potentials were recorded on the v...

Direct current electrotherapy was demonstrated to be an effective and relatively inexpensive local treatment of murine solid subcutaneous tumours. The insufficient knowledge of the mechanisms involved hinders its more extensive use in clinical oncology. Attempts were made to establish the correlation between the effectiveness of electrotherapy and deposition of the electrode material in the tum...

The rational design and fabrication of electrode materials with desirable architectures and optimized properties has been demonstrated to be an effective approach towards high-performance lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). Although nanostructured metal oxide electrodes with high specific capacity have been regarded as the most promising alternatives for replacing commercial electrodes in LIBs, their...

The behavior of corona discharge was investigated in wire–cylinder electrodes under the effect a crossed magnetic field. Townsend’s formula used commonly with modified empirical to evaluate different parameters positive and negative discharge. By using least-squares fitting, dimensional constants A, K, exponent n displayed significant dependence on applied An improvement pre-breakdown has been ...

We use the Onsager principle to derive a two-phase continuum formulation for the hydrodynamics of the electrorheological (ER) fluid, consisting of dielectric microspheres dispersed in an insulating liquid. Predictions of the theory are in excellent agreement with the experiments. In particular, it is shown that whereas the usual configuration of applied electric field being perpendicular to the...