background: high consumption of nonalcoholic beverages is one of the causes of dental erosion. annual consumption of beverages in iran is 48 lpcy (lit per capita per year) that is equal to 144 bottles per capita in year and is relatively a high rate. taking this into consideration, the present study was planned to determine the ph and fluoride content of beverages consumed in kerman, south east...

The solution‐processed electrode is key to the full‐solution‐processed organic solar cells (OSCs). Silver nanowires (AgNWs) are considered as an attractive due their low sheet resistance and high transmittance. However, traditional “line‐plane” contact between AgNWs interface buffer layer insufficient, resulting in performance of OSCs. Herein, a bulk structure reported interface, formed by inse...

a modified electrode was prepared by modification of the carbon paste electrode (cpe) with graphene nano-sheets. the fabricated modified electrode exhibited an electrocatalytic activity toward gallic acid (ga) oxidation because of good conductivity, low electron transfer resistance and catalytic effect. the graphene modified cpe had a lower overvoltage and enhanced electrical current respect to...

The black soil region of Northeast China has suffered from severe soil erosion by water. Hillslope and gully erosion are the main erosion types. The objective of this research was to integrate the assessment of hillslope and gully erosion and explore spatial coupling relations between them in the Mushi River sub-catchment using geographical conditions monitoring (GCM) including remote sensing (...

Currently gravity irrigation remains the most widely used in agricultural areas and 90 percent of plantings, the water is applied to the plots by gravity. One of the main problems with these systems is erosion, which is a by product of the erosive forces of water over the row, which brings soil loss and therefore decreases in crop yield. Erosion is the removal of surface soil material caused by...

a novel chemically modified electrode containing prussian blue complex was achieved on the surface of glass carbon electrode by sol-gel technique. the electrochemical behavior of modified electrode was characterized by cyclic voltammetry in detail. the film electrode obtained was very stable and exhibited electrocatalytic response for oxidation of nitrite. results showed at bare gc electrode, a...

a sodium dodecyl sulfate modified carbon paste electrode (sds/cpe) was developed in this work based on the surface modification method. the modified electrode was prepared by immersing sds/cpe in a nickel nitrate solution. this electrode showed a strong accumulation ability toward nickel ions. then modified electrode was conditioned by potential recycling in a potential range of 0.2–0.8 v (vs. ...