This research is the study of a project, promoted by the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research under the protection of the European Community, in a more complex “Smart Cities” project, devoted to the realization of an alternative system for green energy production. The system consists of an electrical power supply generated from the anaerobic digestion of biomass. It also inclu...

The impact of different energy storages on power systems has become more important due to the development of energy storage technologies. This paper optimizes the stochastic scheduling of a wind-based multiple energy system (MES) and evaluates the operation of the proposed system in combination with electrical and thermal demand-response programs and the three-mode CAES (TM-CAES) unit. The prop...

the application of conductive coatings on ferritic stainless steel can decrease electrical conductivity. theaim of this research was to investigate the electrical conductivity of cobalt coated aisi 430 ferritic stainlesssteel by pack cementation technique. coated coupons were analyzed using scanning electron microscopy(sem). electrical conductivity of the coated substrates was measured as a fun...

As energy plays a central role in the world development, it represents as well a major challenge for sustainable development. Today, more than 80 % of the primary energy consumption is based on fossil fuels and the share is likely to remain high in the future. Even if technology developments will reduce the specific consumption, the world energy demand is likely to increase in line with its pop...

The Eastern Interconnected power system in North America (depicted in Fig. 1), which stretches from the Rockies to the Atlantic Ocean including the eastern provinces of Canada to the North and Florida to the South but excluding the State of Texas, is the largest “machine” engineered by humankind. Every generator or synchronous machine connected to the system operates in synchronism with every o...

Output power in a hybrid power system is constant while the input power with variable characteristics that is generated by different sources. Using Hybrid Electrical Energy Storage (HEES) systems, is growing rapidly since there is an obvious need for clean energy. This paper introduces different parts of a HEES system and then proposes HEES systems which employ battery, ultracapacitor and f...

Aluminium is the world’s second most-used metal after steel and the aluminium production industry is the largest, in volume of metal produced, in non-ferrous metal industry. In this study, results of the material flows (country and global scales) related to the production and use of aluminium and energy consumption in 1980 to 2012 were separately analysed. Also, overview of the current status o...

The main objective of power system sustainable development is to provide the security of electricity supply required to underpin economic growth and increase the quality of living while minimizing adverse environmental impacts. New challenges such as deregulation, liberalization of energy markets, increased competition on energy markets, growing demands on security of supply, price insecurities...

as there is a rapid growth both in the number of power consumers and also the limitations energy resources, it is clearly accepted that the old version of power grid must change into smart grid from head to toe. one of the most important advantages of smart grid which makes it much more exclusive rather than other typical systems is the two-way connectivity between the utility and the costumers...