The MAC protocol IEEE 802.11, used in the mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), suffers from the well-known fairness problem. In this paper, using static routing, we first study the MAC fairness by considering three factors including the hiddenterminal, capture, and imprecise EIFS, which are all related to the signal attenuation property of the wireless networks. Since the MAC protocol and the routi...

In eukaryotic translation initiation, eIF2GTP-Met-tRNA(i)(Met) ternary complex (TC) interacts with eIF3-eIF1-eIF5 complex to form the multifactor complex (MFC), while eIF2GDP associates with eIF2B for guanine nucleotide exchange. Gcn2p phosphorylates eIF2 to inhibit eIF2B. Here we evaluate the abundance of eIFs and their pre-initiation intermediate complexes in gcn2 deletion mutant grown under ...

The translation initiation factors (IFs) IF1/eIF1A and IF2e/IF5B have been conserved throughout all kingdoms. Although the central roles of the bacterial factors IF1 and IF2 were established long ago, the importance of their eukaryotic homologs, eukaryotic IFs (eIFs) eIF1A and eIF5B, has only recently become evident. The translation machinery in eukaryotes is more complex and accordingly, eIF1A...

Cadicivirus (CDV) is unique amongst picornaviruses in having a dicistronic genome with internal ribosomal entry sites (IRESs) preceding both open reading frames. Here, we investigated initiation on the 5'-terminal IRES. We report that the 982-nt long 5'UTR comprises 12 domains (d1-d12), five of which (d8-d12, nts 341-950) constitute a divergent Type I IRES. It comprises central elements (the ap...

In wireless ad-hoc networks, whenever a node overhears a frame, the node should defer its transmission to prevent the interference with the ongoing transmission. The exact duration value by which the node should defer is contained in the frame. However, due to the wireless transmission errors and due to the fact that the carrier sensing range is normally greater than the transmission range, a f...

Shah, O. Jameel, Scot R. Kimball, and Leonard S. Jefferson. Acute attenuation of translation initiation and protein synthesis by glucocorticoids in skeletal muscle. Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 278: E76–E82, 2000.—Glucocorticoids are diabetogenic factors that not only antagonize the action of insulin in target tissues but also render these tissues catabolic. Therefore, in rats, we endeavo...

Translational control of protein synthesis depends on numerous eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) and we have previously shown (Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab. 276: E721-E727, 1999) that increases in one factor, eIF2B, are associated with increases in rates of protein synthesis after resistance exercise in rats. In the present study we investigated whether the eIF4E family of initiation fa...

The study described herein investigated the role of free fatty acids (FFAs) in the maintenance of protein synthesis in vivo in rat cardiac and skeletal muscle. Suppression of FFA b-oxidation by methyl palmoxirate caused a marked reduction in protein synthesis in the heart. The effect on protein synthesis was mediated in part by changes in the function of eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) inv...

l-Mimosine, a plant amino acid, can reversibly block mammalian cells at late G1 phase and has been suggested to affect translation of mRNAs such as p27, the CDK inhibitor. However, the mechanism of this effect is not known. Regulation of translation generally occurs at the initiation step that, in mammalian cells, is a complex process that requires multiple eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) ...

mTOR (mammalian target of rapamycin) forms two distinct types of complex, mTORC (mTOR complex) 1 and 2. Rapamycin inhibits some of the functions of mTORC1, whereas newly developed mTOR kinase inhibitors interfere with the actions of both types of complex. We have explored the effects of rapamycin and mTOR kinase inhibitors on general protein synthesis and, using a new stable isotope-labelling m...