KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates have emerged as important pathogens of nosocomial infections, and tigecycline is one of the antibiotics recommended for severe infections caused by KPC-producing K. pneumoniae. To identify the susceptibility profile of KPC-producing K. pneumoniae to tigecycline and investigate the role of efflux pumps in tigecycline resistance, a total of 215 KPC-pro...

DNA-binding proteins that control expression of drug efflux pump genes have been termed "local regulators" as their encoding gene is often located adjacent to the gene(s) that they regulate. However, results from recent studies indicate that they can control genes outside efflux pump-encoding loci, which we term as being "off target." For example, the MtrR repressor was initially recognized for...

target modification and reduced drug accumulation are the main resistance mechanisms against fluoroquinolone antibiotics in pseudomonas aeruginosa. we performed a genotypic characterization of three major mex multidrug efflux pumps (mexab-oprm, mexxy-oprm and mexcd-oprj) in ciprofloxacin resistant clinical isolates of p. aeru­ginosa, collected from tehran, iran this was followed by sequencing a...

The AcrAB/TolC efflux pump-mediated drug resistance in gram-negative bacteria might be controlled by pump inhibitors (EPIs). This study was planned to discover a compound from plants that can used as an EPI. Forty isolates of K. pneumoniae and 33 different were collected. methanolic extracts parts prepared. Chloramphenicol, tetracycline, Ciprofloxacin for the sensitivity assay. Plant tested EPI...

BACKGROUND Traditional antibiotics are increasingly suffering from the emergence of multidrug resistance amongst pathogenic bacteria leading to a range of novel approaches to control microbial infections being investigated as potential alternative treatments. One plausible antimicrobial alternative could be the combination of conventional antimicrobial agents/antibiotics with small molecules wh...

Isoniazid (INH) and rifampicin (RIF) are the two most effective drugs in tuberculosis therapy. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of resistance to these two drugs is essential to quickly diagnose multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis and extensive drug-resistant tuberculosis. Nine clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates resistant to only INH and RIF and 10 clinical pan-sensitive isola...

Changes of 42K efflux (J23K) caused by ouabain and/or furosemide were measured in isolated epithelia of frog skin. From the kinetics of 42K influx (J32K) studied first over 8-9 h, K+ appeared to be distributed into readily and poorly exchangeable cellular pools of K+. The readily exchangeable pool of K+ was increased by amiloride and decreased by ouabain and/or K+-free extracellular Ringer solu...

BACKGROUND Erythromycin is the drug of choice to treat human campylobacteriosis. Campylobacter isolates exhibit two different phenotypes with regard to erythromycin resistance: high-level resistant strains (HLR) and low-level resistant strains (LLR). OBJECTIVES To study the mechanisms of resistance of Campylobacter to erythromycin, its 6-O-methyl derivative clarithromycin and the ketolide tel...