This paper examines how a country’s organization of its financial activities its financial structure affects how corporations invest and raise funds. We provide an analysis of how financial structure affects economic growth for a given degree of financial and economic development. Differences in the organization of financial activities are shown to affect the creation of new businesses as well ...

Willingness to risk is an important characteristic of entrepreneurship and a crucial factor for economic growth and economic development. An experimental study has been performed that demonstrates that people can use even a single old episodes from their own experience where they acted in a risky manner and benefited from that and chose by analogy to act risky in a new situation. Moreover, it h...

energy, due to its increasing usage in various broad areas has been maintained as a vital factor in economic growth and development of societies. meanwhile, natural gas is considered as one of the most important energy sources. therefore, the efficiency and the productivity of the gas companies are crucial to be assessed. numerous examples from industrial multistage processes including internal...

Infrastructure is indispensable to achieve the main development targets in developing countries, such as urbanization, industrialization, export promotion, equitable income distribution, and sustainable economic development. Late developing countries can benefit from previous development experience provided they choose the right model. However, the relationship between infrastructure and econom...

human capital has always been of high importance in economic growth literature. in this regard, several studies have tried to explain the role of this variable via the use of different models. the present study, in line with the previous ones, going to estimate the share of human capital in iranian economy production from 1974 to 2011 within the framework of ozawa (1965) and lucas’s (1988) endo...

Defining long-run stabilization targets for atmospheric CO2 is ultimately a political question since it depends on value judgments. However, because of the enormous uncertainties that surround projections of climate change, their impacts and mitigation costs, any proposed stabilization target is, quite expectedly, controversial. This uncertainty, some have argued, implies that climatic change m...

Rural development means as overall development of rural areas social, economic, political and cultural so that the people are to lead a pleasant life. Agriculture plays the most important and decisive role in rural development. Infect, nobody can deny this fact that most of the population in India is still living in villages and their livelihood is depending on agriculture. Therefore, we rightl...

Economic growth is best understood as a combination of high and low growth regimes. This paper deals with the sources of growth around growth regimes change. To that end the derivation of structural breaks in growth rates series is combined with nonparametric growth accounting, which allows the decomposition of productivity changes into technological progress and efficiency changes. Even medium...

one of the measures taken by the 1979 revolutionary government of iran was to denounce the mixed public-private ownership of the banking system of the pre-revolutionary era and implement a full scale banking nationalization and merging scheme. since then the banking system has been operating under close supervision and scrutiny of the government - exercising its power to impose a variety of res...