Transmucosal passage of bacteria in critically ill patients may lead to a significant incidence of systemic sepsis. This has attracted much clinical interest, as it has been shown that malnutrition in itself, impairs various aspects of barrier function. Bacterial translocation is increased in animal models where nutrients are given by the parenteral route, while enteral feeding reverses this. T...

The technique of strengthening steel structures with Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) has attracted growing attention in research field and in practice and its environmental durability is of high importance. This paper describes an investigation on the bond characteristics between high modulus CFRP sheet and steel plates under elevated temperature exposures. Tensile tests were carried out...

The genesis of this special issue was the International Symposium on Green Radio over-fibre and all-Optical Wireless technologies for Access Networks: GROWAN 2011, 15– 17 June 2011, Brest, France. A selection of international key speakers from both industry and academia were invited to address radio-over-fibre and all-optical wireless technologies with a focus on minimising overall energy consu...

Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) is a simple and effective adsorption and desorption technique, which eliminates the need for solvents or complicated apparatus, for concentrating volatile or nonvolatile compounds in liquid samples or headspace. SPME is compatible with analyte separation and detection by gas chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography, and provides linear results...

Failures in composite materials occur mainly due to interlaminar fracture, also called delamination, between laminates. This indicates that characterizing interlaminar fracture toughness is the most effective factor in the fracture of composite materials. This study reports investigation on mixed-mode interlaminar fracture behaviour in woven carbon fibre/polyetherimide (CF/PEI) thermoplastic co...

The introduction of carbon-fibre reinforced plastics in load bearing automotive structures provides a great potential to reduce vehicle weight and fuel consumption. A reduction in overall manufacturing cost can be realised through part integration and use of cost-effective materials such as heavy tow carbon fibre. There is a current drive within the automotive industry to develop the technologi...

Heterogeneous materials can show size-dependent behaviour in which the bending modulus depends on sample size. In fibre composite interaction between and matrix lead to such a size effect.Then effective calculated by rule of mixtures either underestimate or overestimate laminate, depending fibre/matrix material mismatch, microstructural morphology (fibre distribution) laminate thickness. this w...

The genesis of this special issue was the International Symposium on Green Radio over-fibre and all-Optical Wireless technologies for Access Networks: GROWAN 2011, 15– 17 June 2011, Brest, France. A selection of international key speakers from both industry and academia were invited to address radio-over-fibre and all-optical wireless technologies with a focus on minimising overall energy consu...

Photonic crystal fibre (PCF)s with zero chromatic dispersion at the telecommunication wavelength is reported. The PCF design parameters, such as the effects of air holes and structural design parameters on the effective index, effective mode area, confinement losses and chromatic dispersion, have been carefully investigated by using the full vectorial finite element method. It is demonstrated t...

1. Dietary fibre has a water holding capacity (WHC) and this is a function of the fibre source and method of measurement. Water can be associated with fibre either as trapped water or bound water. This makes it difficult to predict the ability of fibre to influence stool weight in humans. 2. Examination of various fibre concentrates for chemical composition, as neutral detergent fibre (NDF), ac...