Evapotranspiration (ET) is a vital component of a field water balance. Canopy chambers are a promising method for determining crop ET because they are portable and applicable at a relatively small plot (m2) scale. Although a variety of canopy chamber designs have been proposed, field tests are still necessary to evaluate chamber performance for measuring crop ET. The objectives of this study ar...

The self-organizational ability of ad-hoc Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) has led them to be the most popular choice in ubiquitous computing. Clustering sensor nodes organizing them hierarchically have proven to be an effective method to provide better data aggregation and scalability for the sensor network while conserving limited energy. It has some limitation in energy and mobility of nodes....

The effective fragment potential (EFP) method is described and its capabilities illustrated using several applications. The original method, EFP1, was primarily developed to describe aqueous solvation, by representing Coulombic, induction and repulsive interactions via one-electron terms in the ab initio Hamiltonian. It is demonstrated, using water clusters, the Menshutkin reaction and the glyc...

An effective method for molecular beam epitaxial construction of metastable, pseudomorphic SnGe/ Ge~001! heterostructures is presented. This method exploits a surfactant species, Bi, to alter Sn surface-segregation kinetics. Using the x-ray standing wave technique, we demonstrate not only that Bi segregates to the growth surface more strongly than Sn, but that it also dramatically suppresses th...

2-In order to determine how posteroanterior movements (PAs) are related to tenderness and thus possibly symptom production, we measured PA movements to a force of 25 N on each side of the cervical spines of asymptomatic subjects. From ten subjects (six females and four males; mean age 37.2, range 21 to 50), ten locations with a difference in tenderness to pressure between sides were used for an...

Clustering is an effective method of topology control for wireless ad-hoc networks. Clusters introduce a structure in a flat network and can guarantee some basic levels of performance in presence of high mobility and large number of nodes. Therefore clusters can effectively increase the network capacity by the spatial reuse of network resources. Robust clustering schemes designed specifically f...

This paper presents a method for detecting multiple delaminations in composite laminates using non-contact phased arrays. The phased arrays are implemented with a non-contact scanning laser Doppler vibrometer (SLDV). The array imaging algorithm is performed in the frequency domain where both the guided wave dispersion effect and direction dependent wave properties are considered. By using the n...

In metallic wires, electron-electron interactions lead to quasi-elastic scattering, which modifies the electron phase-coherence time, and to inelastic scattering, which redistributes energy between electrons. Several recent experiments have shown that these properties can be sampledependent 1,2. We have found furthermore that the low-temperature saturation of the phasecoherence time τφ of quasi...

For tracking in a SSC experiment with wire chambers, CF 4 gas mixtures are very advantageous from the point of view of aging, drift velocity, and spatial resolution. However, they are also known to suffer from considerable electron attachment. This attachment can cause serious inefficiencies in the collection of electrons liberated near the anode wire, and causes broadening of the pulse-height ...

We present a combined electrical and modeling study to determine the tunneling electron effective mass and electron affinity for HfO2. Experimental capacitance-voltage (C-V) and current-voltage (I-V) characteristics are presented for HfO2 films deposited on Si(100) substrates by atomic layer deposition (ALD) and by electron beam evaporation (e-beam), with equivalent oxide thicknesses in the ran...