Objectives: Down syndrome (DS) is the most common multiple congenital anomaly syndrome associated with a developmental disability. Children with Down syndrome have delay in both motor and mental age. This study carried out to explore relationship between mental and motor age of children with DS. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 60 participants with DS (5 to 7 years old) usin...

Genetics The presence of a complete or partial third copy of human chromosome 21 (Hsa21) is the cause of DS. Partial copy should include all or part of the long arm of Hsa21.This excess of genetic material leads to a dysregulated expression of certain genes. The functional impact of these changes could be a direct result of the action of the proteins expressed in excess by the Hsa21 genes, or i...

Down syndrome is characterized by a series of minor anomalies that eachoccurwitha frequencyofabout50– 80% and will not, therefore, be present in all persons with Down syndrome. Conversely, it will be very rare for any single individual with Down syndrome to have all these anomalies, which include brachycephaly, oblique (upslanting) palpebral fissures, epicanthic folds, Brushfield spots, folded ...

Description Down syndrome is the most common genetic cause of mental retardation, affecting one in 700 live births. The phenotype of Down syndrome is complex and variable in severity among individuals; including mental retardation and cognitive deficits, heart defects, hypotonia, motor dysfunction, immune system deficiencies, an increased risk of leukemia, and development of the pathology of Al...

Down syndrome, trisomy of chromosome 21, is well investigated because it is a genetic disease with characteristic mental retardation and precocious dementia of Alzheimer type. Maternal serum markers of human chorionic gonadotrophin unconjugated estriol and amyloid precursor protein, nuchal skinfold on ultrasound and new genetic probes are developed to allow better detection of Down syndrome. Th...

background: dermatoglyphics are the dermal ridge configurations on the digits, palms and soles. dermatoglyphic polymorphism results from the co-operation of genetic and environmental factors. the dermatoglyphic analysis is a valuable completion of initial diagnosis of some syndromes genetically determined. our objective was to assess dermatoglyphics study results against standard chromosomal an...

Introduction: Presence of mentally retarded children in every family affects on the structure and mental health of family specially parents. The purpose of this research is the comparison of the mean of psychological well-being, mental health and self-esteem between parents of normal and educable students. Materials & Methods: This was causal- comparative and retrospective study and the instru...