among the various efforts coping with the causes and roots of differences in economic development in iran and south korea, none has focused on the role of social capital. meanwhile, in recent years, we have been facing the development of a theory about the linkage of social capital and economic development and a great attention has been paid to it by international economic organizations. in thi...

Income inequality is an important economic issue faced by most of the developed and developing countries. Many attempts have been made to identify a link between economic growth and income inequality in the past. However, the literature is not conclusive about the relationship between economic development and income inequality. This study attempts to analyze the factors responsible for income i...

Compared to Western old age security systems, it is a matter of extreme concern for Asian countries to seek out ways to successfully develop and settle their social security systems and deal with economic growth without excessively burdening their national economies. This study draws a comparison between historical developments and recent reforms focusing on public old age security systems in S...

With the rapid economic development of China, many enterprises have developed rapidly with the growing scale and strength, and their products and services have had a profound impact on the society. However, the study finds that many enterprises are merely spectators toward corporate social responsibility (CSR); these enterprises do not play an active role in CSR. At present, the domestic and fo...

That may seem rather unnecessary: social transformation is a commonly used expression and not particularly new. Generally it implies an underlying notion of the way society and culture change in response to such factors as economic growth, war or political upheavals. We may have in mind the ‘great transformation’ (Polanyi 1944) in western societies brought about by industrialisation and moderni...

Panel data on 54 developing countries between 1960 and 2000 are used to investigate how the impact of opening to trade on economic growth is affected by wealth inequality. The results suggest (a) that opening to trade tends to accelerate growth but (b) that the addition to growth depends inversely on the level of wealth inequality prior to opening. These findings confirm the general importance ...

Considerable concern has been expressed in recent years about declines in voter participation rates in the United States and in several other major democratic countries. Some feel low participation rates introduce a “class bias” into the political process and thereby worsen the outcomes from it. Little empirical work exists, however, that measures the effects of lower participation on the welfa...

I. Overview and Statement of Findings The 1990s was an extraordinary decade in terms of the number and cultural diversity of migrants who arrived to live in the United States. We are only beginning to appreciate the long-term implications of decisions and actions taken by individual migrants and American institutions during this period of strong economic growth. The influence of international m...

Women the world over face stark disparities in health, finance, education, politics, and other arenas. Persistent gender inequality may threaten economic growth and/or social progress.1 At the most micro level, discrimination impedes girls and women from achieving their individual hopes and dreams. Through its Millennium Development Goals, the United Nations has championed an increase in equali...