introduction: the role of economic factors in pollution and environmental degradation is one of the major issues in economic and environmental studies that many researchers have addressed in their studies. one of the issues in the field of environment to which less attention has been paid is the effect of economic factors such as the openness of the economy on water resource pollution. in this ...

Especially, after 1980, the effect of labour productivity and capital investments on income per capita observed in open economies globalizing trade system has attracted attention growth economics literature. In this study, relationship between productivity, fixed commercial openness Turkey 1980-2016 was examined by ARDL method. The results match findings Solow, Romer Lucas whose models indicate...

This paper analyzes the effects of trade openness on economic growth in a panel thirty developed and developing countries. The fixed model was estimated using PSTR technique data covering period 1980-2019. results show that relationship between is non-linear, external depend thresholds national income per capita. Below threshold 35 118 USD capita, has no significant effect growth. Above this th...