urban areas formation and development are considered as the main symbols of prosperity. in the early nineteenth century, when there the global evolution was at its astonishing rate and cities, with their active economic elements, found an outstanding role, iranian society involved internal crisis. this not only ended the political and economic role of cities in important interactions off but al...

In this study Gypsies are discussed in the context of long-term migration movements and socio-economic/cultural consequences migration. The aims to examine great migration, nomadism settlement stages starting from India. adopted a nomadic life order make living countries they settled after migrations. However, as result loss validity their craft today, had settle down. Thus, problems faced by b...

Cities are so common today that we cannot imagine a world without them. In fact, more than half of the world’s population lives in cities, and that number is expected to increase to two-thirds in the next century. For most of our history, however, there were no cities. Understandably, scholars want to know why, how, and when urban life began. Was the emergence of the city just a matter of nucle...

— This article investigates determinants of China s mortality levels and trends since 1981. Econometric results show that both economic development and social policies matter to survival outcomes, but in different magnitudes for various mortality measures. Economic growth plays a key role in reducing mortality in childhood and especially adulthood, and raises life expectancy. Declining adult il...

today analyzing seismicity hazard urban different areas is critical and inevitable due to develop and to expand cities in seismically active zones and naturally, the hazard because the earthquake is more in the bigger cities and the necessity to consider these hazards would be increased. expanding the cities in iran seismically active zones caused to be necessary to analyze earthquake hazard. b...