This paper focuses on an age-old puzzle: why some societies peacefully tolerate high levels of inequality and others do not. We posit that opportunity and mobility over time are as important as current distributions are to the political sustainability of market oriented growth. In addition, we posit that individuals’ subjective assessments of past mobility and their expectations for the future ...

As scholars become more aware of the importance of religion in world affairs, several have begun to ask whether specific religious traditions are compatible with the institutions and values of liberal democracy. With approximately 350 million Orthodox Christians in the world, and given the great political and economic importance of the many countries they call home, an understanding of Orthodox...

IN T R O D U C T IO N Within the next decade, more than $30 billion will be spent at the federal, state and local levels for the construction of new roadways in the United States. Additional billions will be allocated for the operation and maintenance of existing facilities. Toward what end is this huge expenditure being made? Most highway officials would agree that it is to promote the efficie...

Indonesia's main land management agenda is agrarian reform, consolidating and distributing for equity social justice. In addition to strengthening existing institutions, Indonesia established a bank whose task provide investment economic purposes. For some people, the goals of banks interfere with practices in because they are at odds reform. So research question that needs be answered what adv...

Norms specifying constraints over institutions are stated in such a form that allows them to regulate a wide range of situations over time without need for modification. To guarantee this stability, the formulation of norms need to abstract from a variety of concrete aspects, which are instead relevant for the actual operationalization of institutions. If agent institutions are to be built, whi...