The classic problem of free riding arises when nations act to curtail emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other potential greenhouse gases. When damages from emissions are global rather than local, countries that do not participate in policies directed at reducing global climate change receive the benefits of other countries’ actions without incurring the costs. Past research and game-theoret...

The classic problem of free riding arises when nations act to curtail emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other potential greenhouse gases. When damages from emissions are global rather than local, countries that do not participate in policies directed at reducing global climate change receive the benefits of other countries’ actions without incurring the costs. Past research and game-theoret...

Utilization efficiency has been defined as the ratio of the amount of industrial roundwood (or wood pulp) consumed in a country and year to the amount that would have been consumed to produce the same output with a reference technology. The reference technology was described by the average input-output relationships in . countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OE...

The Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) tracks and reports annually on more than 1,200 health system measures across 30 industrialized countries, ranging from population health status and nonmedical determinants of health to health care resources and utilization. Based on analysis of OECD health data from 2008, the United States continues to differ markedly from other c...

the main purpose of this paper is to investigate the trade potential and its effects on increasing bilateral trade between the south west asia regions, countries. therefor, this paper aims to answer this question that: could trade cooperation the south west asia region's countries led to increase bilateral trade? to answer this question, generalized gravity model is used and it is estimated by ...

This article shows that when applied to nonstationary time series, the conventional Regression Error Specification Test (RESET) leads to severe size distortion and its asymptotic distribution involves a mixture of noncentral χ2 distributions. Nonstationarity introduces bias terms in the limit distribution, and appropriate corrections for the bias are presented leading to a modified RESET test t...

Health care cost containment is not in itself a sensible policy objective, because any assessment of the appropriateness of health care expenditure in aggregate, as of that on specific programs, requires a balancing of costs and benefits at the margin. International data on expenditures can, however, provide indications of the likely impact on costs and expenditures of structural features of he...

The article aims to investigate the presence of a correlation between eco-innovation and economic performance within industrial districts. The case analyzed in this article is based on a study concerning a sample of 54 Italian industrial clusters entitled "Eco-Districts" that has compiled a list of the most eco-efficient districts at the national level. After selecting two districts, this study...

Data comparing health expenditures in twenty-four industrialized nations show that the United States continues to lead the world in health spending as a percentage of gross domestic product. In 1991 the United States spent $2,868 per person on health care, compared with an average of $1,305 in Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. The U.S. figure exceeds spendi...