the widespread and unprecedented international sanctions against iran have affected the different sectors of the iranian economy, including the banking system as the economic arm of the government. the reaction of the banking system to the challenges posed by the sanctions should be dynamic, sensible and with a consideration of priorities. therefore it is necessary to identify the presented cha...

In a remarkably short period of time, economic globalisation has changed the world economic order, bringing new opportunities and new challenges (Commission of the European Communities, 2006). These challenges and opportunities are further amplified by the recent global economic meltdown. In this new economic order, the rules of the game of competition and competitiveness have greatly changed. ...

The need to introduce technologies in rural areas so as to capacitate communities towards overcoming various socio-economic challenges remains a priority in emerging economies. We rely on the foregoing for the investigation in the Kgautswane community in South Africa, of a range of socio-economic challenges that can be addressed through ICT. Identified challenges are further filtered for the se...

â â â  â â  the paper uses economic and energy data analysis and econometric modeling to study the prospects and challenges of korea’s 2003 fta roadmap (mofat 2013) in the form of potential comprehensive partnerships with its major trade and energy partners. it first reviews korea’s international economic and trade relations in recent years with a focus on its major merchandise export desti...

In 2012, people aged 65 or above accounted for nearly one-fifth of the population of the European Union [1] and this figure is expected to reach 30 % by 2060 [2]. In other words, we are witnessing a demographic shift: the number of seniors who need support is growing whilst there is a decline in the percentage of the working population contributing to their support. This disproportion and the r...

population in all countries plays a fundamental role in economic growth and economic development. but besides absolute size and growth rate of population, the more important factor will be “age structure” or “age distribution” of population, because it can be as source of many economical, social, and political challenges. in this research, we investigate effect of changes in population shares i...

Thanks to the many people from EPSRC ICT SAT, UKCRC Ubiquitous Grand Challenges, UK-UbiNet and others who have provided input to this.