The main text assumes stability of the open loop system, both to guarantee the existence of the xed point x̄, and to justify the application of the Nyquist criterion. Here we argue that this condition holds for networks trainable by Echo State protocol [1] or by FORCE [2]. The terms "echo state property" and "fading memory property" coined in [1] refer to the requirement for globally convergent ...

INTRODUCTION: Proton Echo-Planar Spectroscopic Imaging (PEPSI) provides fast spatial-spectral encoding and has been demonstrated to map a variety of metabolites in the human brain [1,2]. Further acceleration in PEPSI can be accomplished by using parallel imaging along the phaseencoding dimension(s) [3,4]. However, the acceleration is limited by the relatively low SNR of the metabolites and g-fa...

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES To determine whether the reproducibility of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) area measurement is greater with three-dimensional echocardiographic (3D-echo) planimetry than with conventional 2D-echo. To determine the LVOT circularity index by means of 3D-echo. To determine the usefulness of measuring the LVOT area by 3D-echo for quantifying the severity of valvul...

[1] A technique for the estimation of humidity in the lower troposphere using simultaneous dual‐wavelength radar observations is proposed and tested. The method compares the reflectivity from clouds and precipitation of a non‐attenuated wavelength (S‐band, 10 cm) and an attenuated wavelength (Ka‐band, 8 mm) to compute the clear‐air gaseous attenuation at the attenuated wavelength. These estimat...

PURPOSE To compare the sensitivity of conventional spin-echo, fast spin-echo, fast fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR), and turbo gradient spin-echo MR sequences in the detection of multiple sclerosis lesions. METHODS Conventional spin-echo, fast spin-echo, fast FLAIR, and turbo gradient spin-echo sequences were performed on a 1.0-T MR imager in seven patients with clinically definite...

1. Introduction The Li intercalated polymorphs of titanium disulfide – the trigonal (layered) and the cubic modification – form a unique model system for comparison of Li self-diffusion in two and three dimensions, respectively, within two host structures of the same composition [1]. Slow Li + transport in cubic Li x TiS 2 (x = 0.6) was probed by 7 Li stimulated echo NMR spectroscopy (see, e. g...

R. G. Nunes, P. Jezzard, H. Johansen-Berg, T. E. Behrens, S. Clare FMRIB Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, United Kingdom Synopsis: Interleaved Echo Planar Imaging (IEPI) can be used to produce high-resolution Diffusion-Weighted Images (DWI). However, DW makes the images particularly sensitive to patient motion, resulting in severe artefacts. These problems can be overcome by a...

Pulsed NMR is the most convenient and powerful technique for measuring diffusion, when it is applicable. Hahn (1) in a seminal paper laid the foundations of the technique. He showed that for a nuclear spin system that obeyed the Bloch equations (taking small liberties with exact details), a 9O.y T 180, RF pulse sequence produced a free induction decay (FID) and an echo, as pictured in Figure 1....

Talker echoes are one of the influencing factors which need to be addressed during migration of telecommunication towards wideband transmission. A recently carried out talking and listening test (TALT) focusing on wideband echo disturbances is introduced and the results are summarized. The E-Model, a planning tool for telecommunication networks, considers the degradation of the speech quality c...

This paper presents evaluations of a nonlinear-echo suppressor based on a frequency-domain model of highly nonlinear residual echo. The residual-echo model, which is based on correlation between spectral amplitudes of residual echo and echo replica, is evaluated by a regression analysis. The results justify the nonlinear-echo suppressor structure. The output signals are subjectively evaluated b...