A new echinostome cercaria, Cercaria kuwaitae XI sp.n., from the prosobranch gastropod Cerithidea cingulata (Gmelin) from Kuwait Bay is described. The new cercaria is characterized by 23 collar spines and primary excretory tubules with distinct diverticula. The cercaria encysts in the snail host and is similar to those of Acanthoparyphium sp. The surface topography of the redia, cercaria and me...

The purpose of the research is morphological and molecular identification trematodes found in intestines migratory waterfowl with subsequent taxonomic evaluation. Materials methods . Mature specimens were collected from ( Fulica atra Aythya ferina ) shot during ecological-faunistic monitoring southern part Primorsky krai. Preliminary analyze revealed that belong to Echinostomatidae family. whol...

Trematode sporocysts and rediae reproduce by parthenogenesis, forming clonal groups in the molluscan host. It has recently become popular to consider these groups as eusocial colonies, with division of labour between rediae morphs: small ‘soldiers’ incapable of reproduction defend the colony, while large rediae reproduce. Alternatively, clonal groups can be considered as self-sustaining infrapo...