Respiratory diseases provide an attractive target for gene silencing using small nucleic acids since the respiratory epithelium can be reached by inhalation therapy. Natural surfactant appears to facilitate the uptake and distribution of these types of molecules making aerosolized nucleic acids a possible new class of therapeutics. This article will review the rationale for the use of External ...

External guide sequences (EGSs) have successfully been used to inhibit expression of target genes at the post-transcriptional level in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. We previously reported that EGS accessible and cleavable sites in the target RNAs can rapidly be identified by screening random EGS (rEGS) libraries. Here the method of screening rEGS libraries and a partial RNase T1 digestion as...

Editorial Topic 4 of the Renewable Energy Program of the Helmholtz Association focusses inter alia on the sustainable and cost-efficient use of geothermal reservoirs for base-load supply of heat and electricity by EGS. Current EGS projects show the limitations of such systems. Firstly, the localization of a potential reservoir prior to drilling still remains a major challenge. Secondly, the min...

The thermal stability and adsorption characteristics of three perfluorinated hydrocarbon compounds were evaluated under geothermal conditions to determine the potential to use these compounds as conservative or thermally-degrading tracers in Engineered (or Enhanced) Geothermal Systems (EGS). The three compounds tested were perfluorodimethylcyclobutane (PDCB), perfluoromethylcyclohexane (PMCH), ...

Lightweight steel framing is a method in housing and construction that have been widely used in lightweight steel construction. In this method, the structure is built by cold formed steel elements. They are cost-effective, light, and easy to assemble. However, the performance of lateral load resisting systems in cold-formed steel structures specially the behavior of cold-formed steel shear wall...

Net-zero-energy buildings (ZEBs) that contribute to making annual energy consumption balances zero are effective measures for reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions in the construction sector. As application of ZEBs progresses, GHG during and manufacturing materials products (called EG) account a relatively large proportion overall emissions. This study aimed clarify EG as means by which formu...

Abstract In the present work, fully coupled dynamic thermo-hydro-mechanical (THM) model was employed to investigate advantage and disadvantages of supercritical CO2 (SCCO2) over water as geofluids. Low-temperature zone found in both SCCO2-enhanced geothermal system (EGS) water-EGS systems, but spatial expansion is higher water-EGS. Although, SCCO2 into rock matrix will help geo-sequestration, s...

Positively charged gold nanoparticles [(+) AuNPs] of 5-20 nm were synthesized by using electrochemically active biofilm (EAB) formed on a stainless steel mesh, within 30 minutes, in aqueous solution containing HAuCl4 as a precursor and sodium acetate as an electron donor. Electrochemically active bacteria present on biofilm oxidize the sodium acetate by producing electrons. Simultaneously, stai...

This study was an evaluation of measuring strategies using a handheld 2D profiler for quality control of finish milled tool steel with regard to surface roughness. A selection of ball nose end mills in combination with two different tool steels (hardness 39 and 47 HRC) were used to manufacture the surfaces that were to be measured. It was found that using an appropriate measuring strategy it is...