Anonymous credential systems are a key ingredient for a secure and privacy protecting electronic world. In their full-fledged form, they can realize a broad range of requirements of authentication systems. However, these many features result in a complex system that can be difficult to use. In this paper, we aim to make credential systems easier to employ by providing an architecture and high-l...

This volume is a collection of papers that were presented at the 17 annual East Asian Seminar in Economics (EASE) that was held at the Kohala Coast, Hawaii, June 22-24, 2006; the NBER was the local organizer. We thank all our sponsors – the NBER, All Nippon Airways, the University of Tokyo’s Center for Advanced Research in Finance, and especially the Center for Global Partnership – for making E...

While there exist a number of papers describing the theory of signal detection, it appears that many psychologists are not aware of the ease with which signal detection theory can be applied, the range of applications possible, or the limitations of signal detection theory. This paper briefly summarizes the assumptions of signal detection theory and describes the procedures, the limitations, an...

Numerous studies examined the role of processing effort in judgments using the ‘‘ease-of-processing’’ paradigm in which participants generate or retrieve few or many issue-relevant thoughts. Because earlier studies only assessed the subjective effort, it is unclear if this paradigm also mobilizes objective effort, and how such effort relates to subjective effort. These questions were addressed ...