Genetic Algorithm (GA) mimics natural evolutionary process. Since dying of an organism is important part of natural evolutionary process, GA should have some mechanism for dying of solutions just like GA have crossover operator for birth of solutions. In nature, occurrence of event of dying of an organism has some reasons like aging, disease, malnutrition and so on. In this work we propose thre...

Background: The USA is one of only a few advanced economies globally that does not guarantee its workers paid sick leave. While there are plausible reasons why paid sick leave may be linked to mortality, little is known empirically about this association. Methods: In a pooled USA nationally-representative longitudinal sample of 57,323 working adults aged 18-85 years from the National Health Int...

When cancer is not curable, the focus of care shifts from cure to care. Patients and family members then have many questions about end-of-life care. The following information provided by the National Cancer Institute addresses life expectancy, when caregivers should ask for help, how caregivers can be attentive to patients' emotional needs, signs of dying and death, what to do after death, and ...

BACKGROUND The 2003 heat wave had a high impact on mortality in Europe, which made necessary to develop heat health watch warning systems. In Spain this was carried-out by the Ministry of Health in 2004, being based on exceeding of city-specific simultaneous thresholds of minimum and maximum daily temperatures. The aim of this study is to assess effectiveness of the official thresholds establis...

In treating dying patients, who by virtue of their physical and emotional situation are frail and vulnerable, physicians must meet a high standard of professional, ethical care. Such a standard is based upon a philosophy of care that recognizes the patients' inherent worth as human beings and their uniqueness as individuals. The ethical and virtuous physician will practice in accordance with th...

BACKGROUND Mortality risk is lower in married than in unmarried men and women. However, little is known about the association between mortality and relationship status in South Africa where marriage rates are low, migration is common, many couples are not co-resident and HIV prevalence is high. METHOD Using demographic surveillance data collected from 2001 to 2011, relationship status was cat...

! Neonatal mortality (NN): the probability of dying within the first month of life. ! Postneonatal mortality (PNN): the difference between infant and neonatal mortality. ! Infant mortality (1q0): the probability of dying between birth and the first birthday. ! Child mortality (4q1): the probability of dying between exact ages one and five. ! Under-five mortality (5q0): the probability of dying ...

BACKGROUND A majority of people in Western Europe and the USA die in hospitals. Spiritual and existential care is seen to be an integral component of holistic, compassionate and comprehensive palliative care. Yet, several studies show that many nurses are anxious and uncertain about engaging in spiritual and existential care for the dying. The aim of this study is to describe nurses' experience...

Thanatology is the academic study of dying, death and grief. It encompasses thoughts, feelings, attitudes, events and the psychological mechanisms of dealing with them. Death obsession includes ruminations, repetitive, intrusive thoughts or images about death. Death obsession in the nursing profession can occur on a daily basis, and communication with dying patients can be stressful for nurses....

Death was not the enemy of ancient medicine. In fact, death was often welcome when patients were suffering and beyond hope. Editor’s note: David A. Fleming, MD, is Associate Professor of Medicine and Director, Center for Health Ethics, Department of Health Management and Informatics, University of Medicine School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri. He has assembled a stellar panel of national expe...