Waste management involves an efficient planing of collectionvehicles and corresponding crews. We present an optimization model and algorithm for the crew scheduling problem which is the second part of an integrative solution approach. We differentiate between a network based duty generation phase and a duty optimization phase where an optimal set of annual duties for all employees is selected.

Admission control schemes and scheduling algorithms are designed to offer QoS services in 802.16/802.16e networks and a number of studies have investigated these issues. But the channel condition and priority of traffic classes are very rarely considered in the existing scheduling algorithms. Although a number of energy saving mechanisms have been proposed for the IEEE 802.16e, to minimize the ...

A 3–8 GHz delay-locked loop (DLL) with cycle jitter calibration is presented. To lower the operation frequency of a voltage-controlled delay line (VCDL), this DLL adopts the dividers, an edge combiner, and the multiple VCDLs. A duty cycle correction circuit is presented to maintain the output duty cycle of 50%. This DLL has been fabricated in 90-nm CMOS process. The measured peak-to-peak jitter...

Bandpass channel filtering is shown to attenuate both random and determinstic jitter components in high frequency clock signals. A fully differential, tunable LC bandpass filter is developed and employed to reduce Gaussian and sinusoidal distributed jitter and duty cycle distortion.

Two different types of H sources are operated at DESY: a magnetron source and an RF-driven volume source. H sources for HERA have to run for long uninterrupted periods with a low duty factor and a high reliability. There are now 15 years of experience with the magnetron and 6 years with the RF-driven volume source. Several improvements are under test for our RF-driven volume source. The status ...

Synthesis of functionally gradient coating was the main goal of researches to cover some deficiencies of metallic coatings. In this study, a new strategy for generating functionally gradient coatings of nickel-chromium on a carbon steel substrate using pulse electrodeposition has been presented. The gradual changes of the duty cycle and pulse frequency were used to generate the functionally gra...

The focus of many leading technologies in the field of medical sensor systems is on low power consumption and robust data transmission. For example, the implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD), which is used to maintain the heart in a healthy state, requires a reliable wireless communication scheme with an extremely low duty-cycle, high bit rate, and energy-efficient media access protocols...

A pulsed source for producing clusters of reactive species in a supersonic expansion has been successfully implemented. The design utilizes two commercial pulsed valves to mix cluster components directly in the expansion, forming cold complexes and minimizing or eliminating the complications due to prereaction of the sample. The duty cycle of the source is well matched to pulsed laser probe tec...