Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) are important respiratory pathogens of small children and adults. The present study aimed to design a sensitive real-time RT-PCR assay for the detection of hRSV and hMPV in comparison with direct fluorescent assay (DFA) and to determine the incidence of hMPV and hRSV as causative agents of respiratory infections in a Finn...

The main objective of this study was to develop a reliable detection method for genetically modified cotton events MON 531 and MON 15985 by using multiplex PCR reaction technique. In this study we have used four primer pairs for the detection of individual gene segments present in transgene cassette of two GM cotton events which include CaMv35S promoter, Nos terminator, Cry1Ac and Npt II genes ...

Diagnostic systems based on reverse transcription (RT)-PCR are widely used for the detection of viral genomes in different human specimens. The application of internal controls (IC) to monitor each step of nucleic acid amplification is necessary to prevent false-negative results due to inhibition or human error. In this study, we designed various real-time RT-PCRs utilizing the coliphage MS2 re...

The incidence of Cherry necrotic rusty mottle virus (CNRMV) and Cherry green ring mottle virus (CGRMV) have recently been occurred in Korea, posing a problem for sweet cherry cultivation. Since infected trees have symptomless leaves or ring-like spots on the pericarp, it is difficult to identify a viral infection. In this study, the incidence of CNRMV and CGRMV in sweet cherry in Gyeongbuk prov...

A duplex real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based assay for the detection of porcine and horse meat in sausages was designed by using EvaGreen fluorescent dye. Primers were selected from mitochondrial 12S rRNA and 16S rRNA genes which are powerful regions for identification of horse and porcine meat. DNA from reference samples and industrial products was successfully extracted using the ...

Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency is an X-linked co-dominant disorder. A couple, with a previous history of a neonatal death and a therapeutical termination due to OTC deficiency, was referred to our center for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). The female partner has a nonsense mutation in the exon 9 of the OTC gene (R320X). We carried out nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR)...

Digital polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has developed rapidly since it was first reported in the 1990s. However, pretreatments are often required during preparation for digital PCR, which can increase operation error. The single-plex amplification of both the target and reference genes may cause uncertainties due to the different reaction volumes and the matrix effect. In the current study, a q...

Abstract Testing for potato viruses is globally very important to prevent a critical shortage of supply. In most countries, testing obligated by law. Germany, seed potatoes are monitored six viruses: PLRV, PVY, PVM, PVA, PVX and PVS. They can cause up 90% loss tubers in the field. Common methods currently used ELISA conventional real-time PCR, but both time-consuming, former needs high capacity...

In this paper using strongly duplexes we introduce a new class of (semi)hypergroups. The associated (semi)hypergroup from a strongly duplex is called duplex (semi)hypergroup. Two computer programs written in MATLAB show that the two groups $Z_{2n}$ and $Z_{n}times Z_{2}$ produce a strongly duplex and its associated hypergroup is a complementary feasible hypergroup.