The effect of warm air-drying on the dentin bond strengths of the single-step self-etch adhesives was determined. The adhesives were applied to bovine dentin followed by drying in a stream of warm air for 5, 10, and 15 s at 37°C. Resin composites were condensed into a mold and polymerized. Specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 24 h, then shear tested. The surface free-energies we...

The drying of hydrogel films formed by poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide) (PEO-PPO) block copolymers (Pluronic P105 and Pluronic L64) is investigated at various air relative humidity (RH) conditions in the range 11-94%. These amphiphilic block copolymers self-assemble to form a variety of ordered (lyotropic liquid crystalline) structures as the water content decreases. The amount of wat...

sludge, which is produced as a by-product of all treatment processes, has considerable potential as a fertilizer and soil conditioner. many authorities now discharge the sludge after treatment directly to agricultural land in liquid form, while some others dewater and dry it first. in either case, with proper marketing, it is generally possible for an authority to earn revenue by this means, al...

In this study, effect of drying method and time temperature regime of extraction on quality of mango kernel lipid was evaluated. Hot air drying required drying of seeds for long intervals and exposure to higher temperature, where as microwave drying was found to be quick due to heating induced at the molecular level. The drying time under optimized conditions for microwave was reduced by 34 fol...

In this study, whole lemons were dried using a laboratory convective hot air dryer and the effects of drying temperature on dehydration behaviour and mass transfer characteristics of the lemons were investigated. The drying experiments were conducted using air temperatures of 50, 60 and 75 °C and air velocity of 1 m/s. It was observed that the drying temperature affected the drying time and...

in this research an experiment based on completely randomized design with three replications and 11 treatments was conducted of mentha piperita. treatments consisted of dryer drying, artificial shade drying, oven drying (50 and 70 °c), and microwave drying with different powers (100, 180, 300, 450, 600 and 900 w) and fresh sample as control. the end time of each treatment determined on the basi...

Microwave drying technology has the potential for large production time and energy cost savings versus traditional vacuum drying methods for active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) applications. One of the most critical parameters in the drying process is the determination of the end point, usually at a specified moisture content. On-line mass spectrometry (MS) was used as a tool to monitor micr...

Drying is one of the essential unit operations performed to increase the shelf life of agricultural or horticultural produce and it is one of the most practical methods of preserving food and the quality of agricultural produce [1]. Traditionally, fish food produce are dried by spreading in open sun in thin layer and smoking using wood. Though this method is economical and simple, it has the dr...

The effect of air temperature, air velocity, and sample shapes (circle and square with the same cross-sectional area) on kinetic drying of potato slices in a tunnel dryer was investigated experimentally and a suitable drying model was developed. The experiments of drying of potato slices were conducted at an air temperature of 45-70°C with an air velocity 1.60 and 1.81 m sec(-1). Results showed...