One of the most successful relationships for effective stresses on unsaturated soils was proposed by Bishop in the middle of the last century. However, only recently Bishop ́s effective stress equation has been implemented in various constitutive models for unsaturated soils. These models have the advantage of naturally include the coupling between the hydraulic and the mechanical behavior exper...

The effects of slice thickness, microwave pre-treatment, and drying temperature on drying orange kumara slices were investigated. The highest drying rate, with minimal loss of colour, occurred at 80°C. Slice thickness did not significantly influence colour but drying time increased with slice thickness. The drying curves fitted the Page thin-layer drying model. Two minutes microwave pre-treatme...

Microwave drying technology has the potential for large production time and energy cost savings versus traditional vacuum drying methods for active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) applications. One of the most critical parameters in the drying process is the determination of the end point, usually at a specified moisture content. On-line mass spectrometry (MS) was used as a tool to monitor micr...

Tardigrades are microscopic animals that survive a remarkable array of stresses, including desiccation. How tardigrades survive desiccation has remained a mystery for more than 250 years. Trehalose, a disaccharide essential for several organisms to survive drying, is detected at low levels or not at all in some tardigrade species, indicating that tardigrades possess potentially novel mechanisms...

The consolidation of colloidal particles in drying colloidal dispersions is influenced by various factors such as particle size and shape, and interparticle potential. The capillary pressure induced by the menisci, formed between the top layer of particles in the packed bed, compresses the bed of particles while the constraints imposed by the boundaries result in tensile stresses in the packing...

Tomato is one of the important plants in the world as a food, medicine etc. it is sensitive to abiotic stresses and its crop is affected by them. Moreover, Ascorbic acid (AsA) is one of the universal of plant defence mechanism against the stresses specially salinity and drought to scavenger’s reactive oxygen species. According to global warming and scarcity of water resources, subsequently dryi...

An aqueous sodium ion battery (ASIB) with metal Zn as anode and Na₄Mn₉O18-reduced graphene oxide (Na₄Mn₉O18-RGO) as cathode has been developed. In this work, spherical Na₄Mn₉O18-RGO composite particles were prepared via spray drying. The aqueous battery exhibits stable cyclability and high specific capacities. Typically, a high initial discharge capacity of 61.7 mAh·g-1 is attained at a high cu...

Multistage heat pump drying of macadamia nut under modified atmosphere was studied to improve the drying process and quality of the nuts. Conditions of study included drying temperature of 40-60°C, using nitrogen and normal air as drying medium. Drying kinetics and quality of nuts (moisture content, aw, rancidity and colour) as well as energy consumption of all drying processes were examined. T...

ABSTRACT In response to environmental stress, microorganisms adapt drastic changes while exerting cellular functions by controlling gene expression, metabolic pathways, enzyme activities, and protein–protein interactions. Microbial cells that undergo a fermentation process are subjected stresses, such as high temperature, freezing, drying, in pH osmotic pressure, organic solvents. Combinations ...

Unsaturated soils are commonly widespread around the world, especially at shallow depths from the surface. The mechanical behavior of this near surface soil is influenced by the seasonal variations such as rainfall or drought, which in turn may have a detrimental effect on many structures (e.g. retaining walls, shallow foundations, mechanically stabilized earth walls, soil slopes, and pavements...