The input of nitrogen (N) to ecosystems has increased dramatically over the past decades. While total (wet + dry) N deposition has been extensively determined in temperate regions, only very few data sets of N wet deposition exist for tropical ecosystems, and moreover, reliable experimental information about N dry deposition in tropical environments is lacking. In this study we estimate dry and...

In regions of strong sea surface temperature (SST) gradients, the surface "geostrophic" currents have a vertical shear aligned with the surface density front defined by the temperature. This surface geostrophic ("thermal wind") shear can balance a portion of the surface wind stress, altering the classic Ekman response to wind forcing. Here we show that these frontal effects cannot be ignored in...

[1] This study aims to quantify the impact of strong monsoons on the mixed layer heat budget in the Arabian Sea by contrasting forced ocean general circulation model simulations with composite strong and weak monsoon winds. Strong (weak) monsoons are defined as years with zonal component of the Somali Jet being greater (smaller) by more than a standard deviation of the long-term mean of the Nat...

Doppler wind lidar measurements were used for the first time in Romania to analyse and turbulence statistics a peri-urban site located at Măgurele, southwest of Bucharest. Vertical scanning between December 2019 November 2021 processed using an existing toolbox. The over two-year period performed on seasonal diurnal cycle bases. analyses showed horizontal speed, with lower values during daytime...

Ocean surface temperatures and wind speeds tend to vary together across ocean basins away from tropical regions. Typically, stronger surface winds are seen over cooler and weaker winds over warmer water, because strong winds cool the ocean surface by evaporation and by stirring up cold subsurface water. But is this always the case? Aside from warm tropical oceans, where moist air ascends high i...

A 19-month record of total and single-layered low (,3 km), middle (3–6 km), and high (.6 km) cloud fractions (CFs) and the single-layered marine boundary layer (MBL) cloud macrophysical and microphysical properties was generated from ground-based measurements at the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program (ARM)Azores site between June 2009 and December 2010. This is the most comprehensive dat...

In recent years, the rapid development of industrialization and urbanization has caused serious environmental pollution, especially particulate pollution. As the "Earth's kidneys," wetland plays a significant role in improving the environmental quality and adjusting the climate. To study how wetlands work in this aspect, from the early autumn of 2014 to 2015, we implemented a study to measure t...

Wolf-Rayet stars have such strong winds that their inner regions are optically thick, preventing us from seeing the hydrostatic stellar cores. One might expect considerable acceleration of the wind to occur in the optically thick part. However, we show empirically that at least 50%, and in some cases up to 100%, of the wind’s acceleration occurs in the optically thin part of the WR wind.