It has been well established that statins, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors, reduce mortality from cardiovascular diseases. Statins, a class of cholesterol-lowering drug, may also affect mortality from various diseases by their pleiotropic effects of anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative activities. However, there are only few reports concerning the effects of...

this research explores the effective ways of sales promotion at liability insurance according to upgrade policies in tehran. the goal is development of planning strategic to help iran insurance industry.  first, we evaluate opinions and views of iran insurance company experts and iran insurance sales agents in tehran on sales promotion (also, priority of the promotion policies) of liability ins...

This paper examines how physicians respond to …nancial incentives when there are con‡icts of interest using a quasi-experimental approach in a unique setting— the health services market in China. In recent years, drug expenditures in China have accounted for nearly 50% of total health expenditures, which is much higher than the world average. Hospitals own pharmacies and generate revenue from d...

BACKGROUND While much is known about the demand for conventional cigarettes, little is known about the determinants of demand for electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS or e-cigarettes). The goal of this study is to estimate the own and cross-price elasticity of demand for e-cigarettes and to examine the impact of cigarette prices and smoke-free policies on e-cigarette sales. METHODS Quar...

OBJECTIVES The objective of this review is to explore interactions between physicians and the pharmaceutical industry including sales representatives and their impact on physicians' attitude and prescribing habits. DATA SOURCES PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Google scholar electronic databases were searched from 1992 to August 2016 using free-text words and medical subject headings rele...

Increased sales of anti-asthma drugs, and a second "epidemic" of asthma mortality, raised concerns about the management of asthma in New Zealand. To study this, prescriptions were obtained from randomly selected pharmacies to identify 235 patients receiving one common anti-asthma drug, 175 of whom were willing to be interviewed. The authors considered that 80% had asthma, and only 20% suffered ...

BACKGROUND Levothyroxine (LT4) treatment can lead to iatrogenic hyperthyroidism and oxidative stress that can cause patient discomfort. Oxidative stress is also recognized as one of the causes of chronic diseases and cancer. METHODS The prevalence of breast, colorectal, gastric and lung cancer in 18 Italian Regions during 2010 was correlated with the sales of LT4 in 2009. The cancer prevalenc...

Portions of this paper were presented at the 34th Annual Conference of the Association for Behavior Analysis. Correspondence concerning this article should be addressed to Chris Ninness, School Psychology Doctoral Program, PO Box 13019 SFA Station, Stephen F. Austin State University, Nacogdoches, TX 75962. E-mail: [email protected] Training and deriving Precalculus relaTions: a smallgrouP, Web...

In 2007 the US Congress created the priority review voucher program to encourage the development of drugs for neglected diseases. Under the program, the developer of a drug that treats a neglected disease receives both a faster review of the drug by the Food and Drug Administration and a voucher for a faster review of a different drug. The developer can sell the voucher. We estimated the commer...