there are increasing reports of emergence of multiple drug resistant (mdr) acinetobacter spp in the world; however there are a few reports in our country. 145 a. baumannii isolates from distinct wards and children's medical center (cmc) in tehran were studied in order to find the profile of antibiotic resistance among them. 40.6% (59/145) of a. baumannii isolates were identified as mdr. overall...

background and objective: diabetes mellitus is one of the main problems in health systems in the world. diabetic foot infections (dfi) is one of the main complications and the most cause  of non-traumatic lower limb amputation .this study aimed to determine the prevalence of bacteria involved in dfi and their antibiotic resistance in patients with dfi diagnosis. patients and methods: this desc...

BACKGROUND Antimicrobial resistance is an under-appreciated threat to public health in nations around the globe. With globalization booming, it is important to understand international patterns of resistance. If countries already experience similar patterns of resistance, it may be too late to worry about international spread. If large countries or groups of countries that are likely to leap ah...

Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death by an infectious disease, and global TB control efforts are increasingly threatened by drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Unlike most bacteria, where lateral gene transfer is an important mechanism of resistance acquisition, resistant M. tuberculosis arises solely by de novo chromosomal mutation. Using whole-genome sequencing data from...

BACKGROUND The spread of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) is one of the major public health problems in the world. Surveillance of anti-TB drug resistance is important for monitoring TB control strategies. However, the status of drug-resistant TB in China has been reported inconsistently. METHODS We systematically reviewed published studies on drug-resistant TB in China until March 31, 2011, ...

Limited data exist on HIV-1 drug resistance patterns in South Africa following second-line protease-inhibitor containing regimen failure. This study examined drug resistance patterns emerging in 75 HIV-1 infected adults experiencing virologic failure on a second-line regimen containing 2 NRTI and lopinavir/ritonavir. Ninety six percent of patients (n = 72) were infected with HIV-1 subtype C, tw...

OBJECTIVE Although 2 widely used susceptibility assays have been developed, their precision and sensitivity have not been assessed. DESIGN AND METHODS To assess the precision of the Antivirogram and PhenoSense assays, we examined susceptibility results of HIV-1 isolates lacking drug resistance mutations and containing matching patterns of drug resistance mutations. To assess sensitivity, we d...

background: glucantime ® is the first- line drug for the treatment of all forms of leishmaniasis. unfortunately, the prevalence of parasites becoming resistant to glucantime ® is increasing in several parts of the world including iran. as protein is the most important target for drugs in response to a variety of signals including drugs so, it seems expression protein patterns in sensitive and r...