In the 2012 US Presidential election, America's health-care policies remain hotly disputed. But the issue of drugs and addiction, formerly a prominent public and health concern, is now largely invisible in national political debates. Its public health importance is overlooked in favour of the continued criminalisation and punishment of drug users. Once the war on drugs was centre stage in natio...

BACKGROUND Traffic offences have been considered an important predictor of crash involvement, and have often been used as a proxy safety variable for crashes. However the association between crashes and offences has never been meta-analysed and the population effect size never established. Research is yet to determine the extent to which this relationship may be spuriously inflated through syst...

The documented analysis of the forest offences revealed eight forest offence types with prevalent cases being chainsaw milling, illegal logging and illegal farming. Between 2005 and 2010, the district recorded 121 offences with more offences occurring in the on-reserve areas than in the off-reserve areas. The timber species, which was most exploited illegally is Triplochiton scleroxylon (wawa),...

Swedish drug policy has a strong focus on minor violations. This longitudinal study analyses the association between criminality and substance use problems among young people who have received outpatient treatment risk factors that predict continued with criminality. Research this target group is under development in Sweden, but there are few follow-up studies. The indicates about one-quarters ...

Although most motorised countries have experienced massive improvements in road safety over the last decades, human behaviour and differences in accident risk across sub-groups of drivers remains a key issue in the area of road safety. The identification of risk groups requires the identification of reliable predictors of safe or unsafe driving behaviour. Given this background, the aim of this ...

Working in an accident and emergency (A&E) department inevitably involves dealing with the consequences of violence, and a knowledge of the laws of violence is a useful adjunct to the clinical practice of A&E medicine. The police and the Crown Prosecution Service decide whether or not to charge a suspect, and which charge is appropriate. All criminal offences are initially considered in the mag...