Blastomyces dermatitidis and Blastomyces gilchristii are dimorphic fungal pathogens that cause serious pulmonary and systemic infections in humans. Although their natural habitat is in the environment, little is known about their specific ecologic niche(s). Here, we analyzed 25 microsatellite loci from 169 strains collected from various regions throughout their known endemic range in North Amer...

Quantifying the moisture history of the Amazon Basin is essential for understanding the cause of rain forest diversity and its potential as a methane source. We reconstructed the Amazon River outflow history for the past 14,000 years to provide a moisture budget for the river drainage basin. The oxygen isotopic composition of planktonic foraminifera recovered from a marine sediment core in a re...

322 Unfertilized buff er strips (BS) are widely accepted to reduce nitrogen (N) loads from agricultural land to surface water. However, the relative reduction of N load or concentration (BS eff ectiveness, BSE), varies with management and local conditions, especially hydrogeology. We present novel experimental evidence on BSE for 5-m-wide grass BS on intensively drained and managed plain agricu...

the land-locked country of afghanistan has a restricted but relatively diverse ichthyofauna comprising 85 species in 10 families. the fauna is dominated by cyprinidae (50 species) and other ostariophysans (28 species). eight species are endemics to afghanistan within its political boundaries. there are three principal drainage basins: the endorheic amu darya draining to the aral sea with 29 spe...

Kabani river is a 7 order stream with a basin area of 1647 km. There are 4 sixth order and11 fifth order sub-basins. This analysis is mainly confined to 11 fifth order sub basins. Morphometric indices like stream ordering, bifurcation ratio, stream length, drainage density, stream frequency, form factor, elongation ratio, circularity ratio, constant of channel maintenance, asymmetry factor, sin...

Waje rehm (Dysmenorrhoea) means painful menstruation. Since ancient times, hijamat bila shurt (Dry cupping) is a method of treatment of for this disease. Therefore, objective of this preliminary study was to evaluate the efficacy of hijamat bila shurt on intensity of pain in waje rehm by using Visual Analogue Scale for pain. It was conducted from May 2009 to July 2010 on 25 patients in National...

prioritization of sub-watersheds is very important in the natural sources and watershed management. in this study, the morphometric parameter and landuse changes using rs and gis techniques used in order to identify erosion-prone sub-watersheds. the morphometric parameter such as basin relief, the linear parameters (drainage density, bifurcation ratio, length of overland flow, stream frequency ...

Catchment morphology and drainage density are strongly influenced by hillslope processes. The consequences of several different hillslope process laws are explored in a series of experiments with a numerical model of drainage basin evolution. Five different models are considered , including a simple diffusive-advective process transition, a runoff-generation threshold, an erosion threshold, and...