Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) has been reported as a disorder mainly characterized by tendency to fall, vertical gaze palsy, and constriction of the body axis, akinesia, cognitive impairment. Patients presenting with these typical clinical features are diagnosed having PSP-Richardson syndrome (PSP-RS). Electronystagmography (ENG) is useful for detection ocular motility disorder, which ma...

PURPOSE During fixation and saccades, human eye movements obey Listing's law, which specifies the eye's torsional angle as a function of its horizontal and vertical position. Torsion of the eye is in part controlled by the fourth nerve. This study investigates whether the brain adapts to defective torsional control after fourth nerve palsy. METHODS Thirteen patients with fourth nerve palsy (1...

BACKGROUND Infarcts of the rostral brainstem often cause vertical gaze palsies but may also produce inappropriate convergence that manifests as pseudoabducens palsy and convergence-retraction nystagmus (CRN). Although the substrate for vergence has been defined in the monkey as lying dorsal and lateral to the oculomotor nucleus, the human homologue is unknown. METHOD - The authors reviewed th...

FROM earlier electromyographic investigations of the human eye muscles (Bjork and Kugelberg, 1953b), we know that the internal and external recti muscles manifest a pronounced activity on direct forward gaze. During slow lateral movements of the eyeball, a gradual increase in this activity takes place in the agonist and a corresponding decrease in the antagonist, but even in extreme positions o...

Trochlear nerve palsy leads to kinematic aberrations of both the paretic and the unaffected eye. During dynamic head roll, the rotation axis of the covered paretic or unaffected eye deviates inward, while the rotation axis of the viewing paretic or unaffected eye aligns with the line of sight; this convergence of rotation axes increases with gaze moving in the direction of the unaffected eye. D...

Progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) is characterized clinically by supranuclear gaze palsy, neck dystonia, parkinsonism, pseudobulbar palsy, gait imbalance with frequent falls and frontal lobe-type dementia. In the advanced typical case, when supranuclear gaze palsy and other main features are present diagnosis is relatively easy. Diagnostic problems, though, are frequent in the early stages d...

Lesions that involve the paramedian pontine reticular formation (PPRF) or the sixthnerve nucleus on one side of the brain stem and also interrupt internuclear fibers of the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus produce an ipsilateral horizontal gaze palsy combined with an internuclear ophthalmoplegia, so that the only preserved horizontal eye movement is abduction of the contralateral eye ...

We examined the topography and degree of cell loss within basal ganglia structures commonly involved in progressive supranuclear palsy in order to identify any relationship between degeneration in these nuclei and gaze palsy. Serial section analyses and unbiased quantitative techniques were applied to brain tissue from six cases with progressive supranuclear palsy (four with gaze palsy and two ...

A 77-year-old lady initially presented to her family doctor in January 1987. She complained of a painful left ear with associated hearing loss and dizziness. There were vesicles on the left pinna, and she had a left lower motor neurone facial palsy. She was treated for five days with oral acyclovir and topical idoxuridine, but her symptoms did not resolve. Two weeks after the onset she became a...