1. Jan 2010: a downward GL1 set that is not weakly jump traceable 1 1.1. Original result 1 1.2. New results 2 1.3. Comments 2 2. March 2010: Structures that are computable almost surely 2 2.1. A structure that is computable almost surely, is computable in every Π1 random 2 2.2. Related questions 3 3. March 2010: Solovay Functions and K-triviality 3 3.

This paper discusses the occurrence of certain polarity items (PIs) in the complements of factive verbs and only, which are not downward entailing (DE). Two solutions in the direction of weakening classical monotonicity are discussed: Strawson DE, von Fintel 1999; and weak DE, Hoeksema 1986. Both rely on the idea that monotonicity is computed only after the inference to the subset is made part ...

It is sometimes argued that resistance to nominal wage cuts would justify a moderate amount of inflation in order to “grease the wheels of the labour market”. While empirical studies tend to find that nominal wages are not downwardly rigid in Anglo-Saxon economies, a number of studies suggest that downward nominal wage rigidity is more widespread among continental European countries. This paper...

We evaluated the one-stage intraoperative adjustment strabismus surgery with adjustable suture under topical anesthesia. Medical records of the patients who had intraoperative adjustment surgery under topical anesthesia for horizontal or vertical strabismus in our hospital from March 1997 to March 2003 with follow-up of 6 months were analyzed retrospectively. Of the 71 patients, 48 patients had...

By now, there is a large experimental literature showing some kind of status quo bias. If the subject is given a coffee mug (candy bar) and later given the possibility of trading it for a candy bar (coffee mug) of equal value, the subject is likely to stick with the original allocation (Knetsch, 1989). Here, we ask whether status quo bias can be made consistent with downward-sloping demand curv...

(1) Background: We studied how the generation position of air anions in a closed-type plant factory affects growth characteristics lettuce and identified optimal position. (2) Methods: used LEDs (red/green/blue = 8:1:1) as light source set temperature RH to 20 ± 2 ? 50% 5%, respectively. grew under three anion conditions—sideward, upward, downward—and compared those control grown without anions...

Fast Downward is a classical planning system based on heuristic search. It can deal with general deterministic planning problems encoded in the propositional fragment of PDDL2.2, including advanced features like ADL conditions and effects and derived predicates (axioms). Like other well-known planners such as HSP and FF, Fast Downward is a progression planner, searching the space of world state...

Several theories of emergence will be distinguished. In particular, these are synchronic, diachronic, and weak versions of emergence. While the weaker theories are compatible with property reductionism, synchronic emergentism and strong versions of diachronic emergentism are not. Synchronic emergentism is of particular interest for the discussion of downward causation. For such a theory, a syst...