We present the spherical harmonic equation for the gravitational potential inside the Earth. The equation satisfies Poisson's equation and converges uniformly. It obviates the need for downward continuation of the exterior potential with its attendant convergence difficulties but of course requires some knowledge of the Earth's density distribution. Equipped with the equation, we derive the gen...

The lack of an initial condition is one the major challenges in full-wave-equation depth extrapolation. This vertical partial derivative surface wavefield and cannot be provided by conventional seismic acquisition system. traditional solution to use value calculate assuming that velocity constant. However, for exploration on land, often not uniform. To solve this problem, we propose a new metho...

Analysis and experiments have shown that hierarchical problem-solving is most effective when the hierarchy satisses the downward reenement property (DRP), whereby every abstract solution can be reened to a concrete-level solution without backtracking across abstraction levels. However, the DRP is a strong requirement that is not often met in practice. In this paper we examine the case when the ...

BACKGROUND Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infection is a rising public health threat since its first outbreaks in New York City (NYC) in the early 2000s. We investigated annual trends of CRKP infection in hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) and community-onset infections (COIs) treated in 3 NYC hospitals from 2006 to 2014. METHODS We extracted K pneumoniae infection data in...

This is continuation of experimental work at U.C. Irvine on fan flow deflection (FFD) [1]. The working principle of FFD is reduction of the convective Mach number of turbulent eddies that generate intense downward and sideward sound radiation. In a coaxial separate-flow turbofan engine this is achieved by tilting in the general downward direction, by a few degrees, the bypass (secondary) plume ...

BACKGROUND Leprosy remains a public health problem in Brazil. Although the overall number of new cases is declining, there are still areas with a high disease burden, such as Pará State in the north of the country. We aim to predict future trends in new case detection rate (NCDR) and explore the potential impact of contact tracing and chemoprophylaxis on NCDR in Pará State. METHODS We used SI...

Most of the traditional approaches to migration by downward extrapolation suffer from inaccuracies caused by using one-way propagation, both in the construction of such propagators in a variable background and the suppression of propagating waves generated by, e.g., steep reflectors. We present a new mathematical formulation and an algorithm for downward extrapolation that suppress only the eva...