Placing places in GPNs Creating, enhancing and capturing value in GPNs Upgrading (or downgrading) of local economies within GPNs Injecting capital? Stimulating local fi rms? Diffusing knowledge? Creating good jobs? Number of jobs Quality of jobs Wages and salaries Labour relations The other side of the coin: exporting jobs from ‘headquarters countries’ The importance of being there But just bei...

Linked employer-employee data for Brazil over a period of large-scale trade liberalization document two salient workforce changeovers. Within the traded-goods sector, there is a marked occupation downgrading and a simultaneous education upgrading by which employers fill expanding low-skill intensive occupations with increasingly educated jobholders. Between sectors, there is a labor demand shif...

This paper analyzes the security of the Yi-Tan-Siew chaos-based cipher proposed in [1]. It is found that the claimed key (α,β, γ,K) collapses to be (α, γ) under a differential chosen-plaintext attack, and that an intermediate variable (called noise vector) used in the encryption function does not have a uniform distribution, which will downgrade the security of the cipher. Also, analysis shows ...

We consider a server with large capacity delivering video files encoded in various resolutions. We assume that the system is under saturation in the sense that the total demand exceeds the server capacity C. In such a case, requests may be rejected. For the policies considered in this paper, instead of rejecting a video request, it is downgraded. When the occupancy of the server is above some v...

The transition from school to work is a central developmental task with long-term implications for the financial and social status of individuals. We argue that dynamic adjustments of aspirations play a decisive role for a successful outcome of the school to work transition, particularly in the context of the German vocational training system. Latent growth curve analyses conducted on the self-...

The deterioration in credit quality of General Motors (GM) & Ford to junk status in the spring of 2005 caused a wide-spread sell-off in their corporate bonds. Using a novel dataset, we document that this sell-off appears to have generated significant liquidity risk for marketmakers, as evidenced by a significant imbalance in their quotes towards sales. We find that simultaneously there was a su...

Why is Chile following such a proactive FTA policy and at the same time promoting the benefits of these type of agreements to other Latin American countries? There is a predominance of economic explanations to analyze why countries pursue an active FTA policy. Yet within an FTA policy, understood as an essential component of a country’s foreign policy, strategic and ideational goals are also im...

The aim of this paper is to develop models for managing inventory of resources that can be downgraded for some other purpose after being re-used a number of times and before they are declared unsuitable for their intended purposes. This scenario occurs in several industries including (i) test wafer management in the semiconductor manufacturing where high grade wafers are downgraded to lower gra...