rectal cancer is the second most common cancer in large intestine. the prevalence and the number of young patients diagnosed with rectal cancer have made it as one of the major health problems in the world. with regard to the improved access to and use of modern screening tools, a number of new cases are diagnosed each year. considering the location of the rectum and its adjacent organs, manage...

background: retinoblastoma is the most common embryonic tumor of retina of children. this tumor include 3-4% of all children malignancies during the age range 0-14 years. in this study, we reported the incidence, therapeutic protocols, and treatment outcome of children with rb in south west iran. methods: we retrospectively investigated the medical reports clinical and pathological features of ...

The aim of this study was to assess the value of prone computed tomography compared with the traditional supine position, in the assessment of invasion of adjacent mediastinal structures by oesophageal cancer. A prospective, single blind case-case comparative study of signs of local tumour invasion was conducted. Sixty nine consecutive patients undergoing computed tomography for preoperative st...

background & objectives: oral submucous fibrosis (osmf) is a condition where excessive deposition of dense collagen fibers occurred in the connective tissue of oral mucosa. an alteration of collagen necessitates an in depth understanding of collagen in oral tissues as no breakthrough studies have been reported. therefore the aim was to correlate the clinical, functional and histopathologica...

breast cancer (bc) accounts for one of the major health problems around the world. since the diagnosis process can have great effect on therapy outcomes, we studied the biomarkers specific to breast tumors stage i based on examining different iranian patients. cases from different stages were examined to discover their highly expressed proteins. in addition, pathologic evaluations were performe...

we describe a patient with newly diagnosed limy cancer. staging was performed with ct and mediastinoscopy. fdg pet scan was performed and confirmed increased metabolic activity in the primary tumor as well as the hilar lymph node. seven months after initial presentation, the patient was found to have two lytic lesions in the pelvis on plain radiograph. hone scan was negative but pet demonstrate...

aim : this study used the olga system to characterize the histology pattern of gastritis in dyspeptic outpatients with a mean age of 45 years from regions with different gastric cancer risks.   background : several classification systems have been purposed for understanding the status of the gastric mucosa.  currently, the sydney system is the most widely employed. nevertheless, the applicabili...

Background: Given the children's susceptibility to the harmful radiation of computerized tomography (CT) scans, ultrasonography can be a good alternative in staging pediatric lymphoma. The present study aimed to assess the predictive value of abdominal ultrasonography compared to CT scan in children with lymphoma. Materials and Methods: Fifty-two children with confirmed lymphoma were included ...

The American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) tumor, node, metastasis (TNM) staging for all cancer sites has been periodically updated as a published manual many years. last update, the eighth edition AJCC Staging Manual went into use January 1, 2018. since restructured and its processes, staging-related data are now housed new application programming interface. Consequently, next TNM version 9...