BACKGROUND & AIM Doubtlessly, permanent development in patient care services is not feasible without paying attention to the culture of safety by health and treatment institutes. The present study is an attempt to analyze the cultural aspects of patient safety in the emergency wards of hospitals affiliated with the Tehran Medical Science University. The viewpoint of the nurses and hospital offi...

Doubtlessly, one of the most important developments in medical science has been the discovery of antibiotics and their use in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by the various bacteria. However, every day we witness the emergence of resistant strains of bacteria which their resistance power against the antibiotics are increasing; although scientists discover new antibiotics every year ...

additional risk, he says, comes from the very property that regenerative medicine wants replacement organs to possess, namely invisibility to the immune system. " Tissues derived from iPSC may share with ES cells the potential to display immune privilege which may provide a 'safe haven' in which rare transformed cells may develop into tumours or viral pathogens may flourish under the radar of t...

In the now 20 years since it was initially described, endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm (EVAR) has matured to the point where some 70% to 80% of potentially eligible patients are treated with this modality.1 Furthermore, the majority of patients managed with conventional open operation are those in whom anatomic considerations disallow EVAR. In the current issue of Circulation, S...

Tlis book was written in an effort to simplify and condense the literature relating to reflexes. There are 465 references listed at the end of the book, and under the discussion of each reflex the literature is reviewed. An example of the effort to simplify the terminology used in naming reflexes is interesting. A diagram of the foot and ankle shows the places from which a tap with the reflex h...

Constructs concerning reward and threat sensitivity can be organised in several ways (along with other ideas). Which conceptual organisation is used channels interpretations of phenomena ostensibly reflecting the sensitivities. For example, a two-mode organisation in which behavioural inhibition can follow either from threat sensitivity or from effortful control (planful restraint) yields an in...

Reports on the prevalence of leprosy often do not disclose where the infection was acquired. This is important in connection with control measures if the case is found in an area in which transmission to the public is likely to occur. With new interest being taken in this disease by health authorities in the United States, it is desirable to know the danger of spread in different areas. This se...

Abstract Africa is the second largest continent after Asia, having a larger than 30 million km 2 area. Doubtlessly, one of biggest ecological and societal problems twenty-first century climate change. Since early 1970s, it has been clear that already experiencing effects change, given rise to wide range new unusual phenomena, such as rising temperatures, poor agricultural output, extreme differ...

How good and how pleasant it is for organisms to dwell together in unity! And, probably, how common it is in the biological world. This review concerns a dramatic association, one of the few that has been studied in detail: the nitrogen fixing symbiosis between certain plants and microbes Rhizobium bacteria stimulate leguminous plants to develop root nodules, which the bacteria infect and inhab...