We report a case of interrupted inferior vena cava (IVC) as a rare developmental defect. Inferior vena cava interruption is usually accompanied with azygos and hemiazygos continuation, and is asymptomatic. Consequently, venous blood from the caudal part of the body reaches the heart via the azygous vein and superior vena cava. A 50 year old female who came for routine health check-up was found ...

OBJECTIVES This study attempted to provide a formula for calculation of the pulmonary/systemic flow ratio in children after bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis. BACKGROUND With the bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis, only the superior vena cava blood is oxygenated by the lungs. The inferior vena cava flow recirculates into the systemic circulation. The ratio of these flows will deter...

We report the case of a 37-year-old man who suffered from biventricular failure due to left isomerism, inferior vena cava interruption with azygos vein continuation, bilateral superior vena cava, double outlet of right ventricle, complete atrioventricular septal defect, pulmonary stenosis, and isolated dextrocardia. Heart transplantation in patients with systemic venous anomalies often requires...

Abnormalities of the vascular system are always of extreme interest due to its importance in circulation. Normally the superior vena cava is a single vascular structure formed by the union of right and left brachiocephalic veins which are in turn formed by the union of corresponding internal jugular and subclavian veins, draining the head and neck as well as the superior extremity. However duri...

Background: Inferior vena cava filter complications can range from dislodgement to perforation. Patients who present with concomitant bacteremia have rarely been reported. Persistent bacteremia usually results from direct bacterial seeding from a source other than perforation of surrounding viscus. It is unclear if the risk of perforation is higher in patients who are bacteremic due to other ca...