We report passive mode locking of a soliton erbium-doped double-clad fiber laser operating at the 322nd harmonic of the fundamental cavity frequency. Repetition rates up to 3 GHz have been obtained with pulses of 1 ps duration and 18 pJ of energy. The supermode suppression at the 322nd harmonic is better than 25 dB. In addition, the transition dynamics from a bunched state of pulses to stable h...

Friction Surfacing Cladding (FSC) is a relatively new solid state process to deposit thin metallic clad layers on substrates. It employs a hollow rotating tool that supplies the clad material. Frictional and viscous heating take place that soften the clad material and enhance the bonding of the clad material to the substrate. Thin layers of commercially pure aluminium can be deposited well on a...

We report on a dual output all-PM fiber laser system running at 100 MHz repetition rate offering coherent broadband and narrowband pulses centered at 2.05 µm with a spectral FWHM bandwidth of 60 nm and 1.5 nm at up to 360 mW and 500 mW, respectively. The broadband pulses are compressed down to 135 fs. The multi-stage double-clad amplifier based on Tm/Ho codoping is seeded by a supercontinuum li...

A double-clad Yb-doped all-normal-dispersion fiber laser with a narrow intra-cavity spectral filter is demonstrated to produce 22 nJ pulses at 42.5 MHz repetition rate. These pulses are characterized and compressed via mulitphoton intrapulse interference phase scan to as short as 42 fs and 10 nJ/pulse. Adaptive compression underlies the achievement of 250-kW peak power, which enables efficient ...

Super-flat supercontinua are generated from a double clad Tm-doped fiber amplifier. Two different laser configurations are investigated and compared. In the direct-output configuration, the long-wavelength edge of the supercontinuum spectra is extended to beyond 2.65 μm with a 10 dB bandwidth of 740 nm. In the passive pigtail configuration, the generated supercontinuum features excellent flatne...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) was recently introduced as an overarching term covering different phenotypes of chronic allograft dysfunction, including obstructive CLAD (bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome), restrictive CLAD (restrictive allograft syndrome) and graft dysfunction due to causes not related to chronic rejection. In the present review, we will highlight t...

BACKGROUND Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) with small-airway pathology and obstructive pulmonary physiology may not be the only form of chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) after lung transplantation. Characteristics of a form of CLAD consisting of restrictive functional changes involving peripheral lung pathology were investigated. METHODS Patients who received bilateral lung tr...

OBJECTIVES Living-donor lobar lung transplantation (LDLLT) has been established as a life-saving procedure for critically ill patients who cannot wait for cadaveric lung transplantation. Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) is the main cause of late morbidity and mortality in lung transplantation. Studies on CLAD in cadaveric lung transplantation have been extensively reported, but few rep...

Friction stir processing (FSP) was used as a cladding method for the fabrication of a AA2024 clad layer on a AA1050 sheet. Crossover multi pass FSP with 50% overlap was considered as the cladding method. Effects of the number of FSP passes and post heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of clad layers were evaluated. Microstructural evolutions during the FSP and heat treatment were...