We study the problem of matrix Lie algebra conjugacy. Lie algebras arise centrally in areas as diverse as differential equations, particle physics, group theory, and the Mulmuley–Sohoni Geometric Complexity Theory program. A matrix Lie algebra is a set L of matrices such that M1,M2 ∈ L =⇒ M1M2 − M2M1 ∈ L. Two matrix Lie algebras are conjugate if there is an invertible matrix M such that L1 = ML...