Mice bearing transplanted AKR leukemia received daunorubicin either as a single dose or as four equally divided doses (0.2 mg/mouse; four times) with the time interval between the divided doses varying from 12 to 36 hr; survival of leukemia colony-forming cells was then assayed. When daunorubicin was administered in any of the fractionated schedules, the dose-survival curve was exponential with...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Malignant epidural spinal cord compression (MESCC) is a dreaded complication of malignancy and is fortunately not common. Approximately 7% of men dying of prostate cancer will have at least one episode of MESCC during their lifetime. Treatment needs to be individualized and estimating the prognosis is critical to achieving a balance between effectiveness therapy and the burden...

We have developed a numerical model to investigate the importance of diffusive chemical fractionation during production and transport of melt in Earth’s upper mantle. The model incorporates new experimental data on the diffusion rates of rare earth elements (REE) in high-Ca pyroxene [Van Orman et al., Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 141 (2001) 687^703] and pyrope garnet [Van Orman et al., Contrib. Mi...

PURPOSE Direct addition of doses between plans with different fractionation fails to provide accurate dose-response information to anticipate clinical outcome. To combine different fractionation patterns, first-order biological model correction for dose-rate must be included. Moreover, 3-D isoeffect patterns of the combined doses must be displayed so that overlap area to elegant volumes can be ...

BACKGROUND Sonodynamic therapy (SDT) is a new approach for cancer treatment. Repair by reoxygenation induces cell damage in all treatment which uses photo- and sonosensitizers. In this study, the in vivo antitumor effect of dual-frequency sonication is investigated at low-level intensity and hematoporphyrin (Hp). It is used for the treatment of spontaneous breast adenocarcinoma of Balb/c mice w...

[1] The hydrologic and biogeochemical responses of forested watersheds to inputs of rainfall and snowmelt can be an indicator of internal watershed function. In this study, we assess how the quantity and quality, both chemical and spectroscopic, of stream water DOC changes in response to a 6-day storm event during the wet season of 2003 in three small (<1 km) basins in the H. J. Andrews Experim...

Although the particulate fraction of egg yolk (yolk granules) has attracted the attention of investigators since Miescher (1) and Hoppe-Seyler (2)) reliable information concerning the distribution of the yolk constituents between its soluble phase and the granules is lacking. Separation of both phases is difficult, owing to the high viscosity of egg yolk. For this reason, all information concer...

A screening of marine bacteria for antimicrobial activity resulted in the isolation of Bacillus pumilus (SP21) from a sediment sample collected in the Bahamas. A bioassayguided fractionation led to the isolation of five surfactin analogs, glycocholic acid, amicoumacins A and B in addition to three new compounds named lipoamides A–C. The chemical structure of all the bioactive compounds was eluc...

Flow cytometry (FCM) combined with viability staining is a useful tool in discerning viable bacteria in environmental samples where traditional culture methods may fail. Contamination of aerosol samples with dust and other non-biological particles can interfere with accurate sample analysis and therefore there is a desire to exclude those particles from analysis. Particles were sorted according...

The existence of separate gelatinase granules in human neutrophils has been a matter of debate in recent years. We have demonstrated that the 135-kD form of neutrophil gelatinase is a complex of 92-kD gelatinase and a novel 25-kD protein termed neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) that, in addition to being complexed with part of the gelatinase, is localized in free form in peroxid...