We study the ”Lie Algebra” of the group of Gauge Transformations of Space-time. We obtain topological invariants arising from this Lie Algebra. Our methods give us fresh mathematical points of view on Lorentz Transformations, orientation conventions, the Doppler shift, Pauli matrices , Electro-Magnetic Duality Rotation, Poynting vectors, and the Energy Momentum Tensor T .

A second error appears in the Comment: only one moving object (one rotating disk) had been considered according to Fig. (2). However, two moving objects (two disks rotating in opposite directions v and –v), had been used in [2], and special relativity predicts Doppler shifts between all moving objects. Hence, a shift is expected to occur for a signal emitted from a moving object (rotating disk ...

We report the successful construction and operation of a far-infrared (337 pm) interferometer based on a multiple-order diffraction grating wheel. On reflection from the wheel circumference, the incident laser beam is diffracted into a number ( 12) of approximately equal intensity high-order beams. Since the Doppler offset of the beams is proportional to the diffraction order, information encod...

There has been tremendous progress in observing oscillations in solar-type stars. In a few short years we have moved from ambiguous detections to firm measurements. We briefly review the recent results, most of which have come from high-precision Doppler measurements. We also review briefly the results on giant and supergiant stars and the prospects for the future.

We argue that the analysis of transients, of decoherence effects, or of any breaking of the exact boost invariance of the Ernst metric shows that uniformly accelerated black holes do emit an energy flux given by the Doppler-shifted Hawking radiation, in perfect agreement to what happens for accelerated particles.

In wireless sensor network (WSN) environments, environmental noises are generated by, for example, small passing animals, crickets chirping or foliage blowing and will interfere target detection if the noises are higher than the sensor threshold value. For accurate tracking by acoustic WSNs, these environmental noises should be filtered out before initiating track. This paper presents the effec...

The real issues of communicating over radio channels with continuous time chaotic signals are addressed. Synchronized and nonsynchronized methods are assessed. The modeling of radio channels (including multipath and Doppler) is reviewed, and then the effect on chaotic signals is investigated. The bandwidth efficiency of chaotic communication systems is discussed, and compared to conventional me...

The most obvious optical method for measuring the speed of a moving object is to use the Doppler effect: light reflected from the moving object will be shifted in frequency on proportion to the line of sight velocity of the object. While we are familiar with examples in the radio domain (such as police traffic radar and Doppler weather radar) and with acoustic waves (the apparent change in pitc...

It is argued that the ‘problem of time’ in quantum gravity necessitates a refinement of the local inertial structure of the world, demanding a replacement of the usual Minkowski line element by a (4 + 2n)-dimensional pseudo-Euclidean line element, with the extra 2n being the number of internal phase space dimensions of the observed system. In the refined structure, the inverse of the Planck tim...

In this paper, we propose extraction of signals buried in non-ergodic processes. It is shown that the proposed method extracts signals defined in a non-ergodic framework without averaging or smoothing in the direct time or frequency domain. Extraction is achieved independently of the nature of noise, correlated or not with the signal, colored or white, Gaussian or not, and locations of its spec...