Genomic selection (GS) offers the possibility to estimate the effects of genome-wide molecular markers, which can be used to calculate genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) for individuals without phenotypes. GEBVs can serve as a selection criterion in recurrent GS, maximizing single-cycle but not necessarily long-term genetic gain. As simple genome-wide sums, GEBVs do not take into account...

By applying the projection technique to the computation of excitation energies, we study the correlation effects on the band gap of conducting polymers. In the presence of an additional electron or hole, the correlation induces a polarization cloud around the additional particle, which forms a polaron. For the excitation energy of a polaron, there is a competition between a loss of the correlat...

The observation that mutations in tumor suppressor genes can have haploinsufficient, as well as gain of function and dominant negative, phenotypes has caused a reevaluation of the 'two-hit' model of tumor suppressor inactivation. Here we examine the history of haploinsufficiency and tumor suppressors in order to understand the origin of the 'two-hit' dogma. The two-hit model of tumor suppressor...

Third party punishment can be evolutionarily stable if there is heterogeneity in the cost of punishment or if punishers receive a reputational benefit from their actions. A dominant position might allow some individuals to punish at a lower cost than others and by doing so access these reputational benefits. Three vignette-based studies measured participants' judgements of a third party punishe...

abstract   introduction: balance is one of the most important contexts in ageing. improving balance in middle age can prevent falling down in elderly which impose the financial and mental costs to society. imbalance between dominant and non-dominant leg can lead to some problems. that’s way; studying effects of similar exercise on dominant and non-dominant legs of body can prevent problems caus...

Binaural integration in the central nucleus of inferior colliculus (ICC) plays a critical role in sound localization. However, its arithmetic nature and underlying synaptic mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we showed in mouse ICC neurons that the contralateral dominance is created by a "push-pull"-like mechanism, with contralaterally dominant excitation and more bilaterally balanced inhibition. ...

The vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) was measured in congenitally blind, adventitiously blind, and normally sighted adults to determine how it was affected by loss of vision. VOR gain and phase were measured in subjects rotated sinusoidally in total darkness, while concentrating on an imaginary earth-fixed target. Gain was lower in adventitiously blind subjects than in sighted subjects. The gain r...

The effect of enhanced rate of spontaneous emission on gain and lasing threshold of semiconductor microcavity lasers has not been discussed clearly. Some reports have suggested that the lasing threshold in microcavities could possibly be lowered due to the so-called Purcell effect. Here, we argue that gain in weakly coupled semiconductor cavities is a local phenomenon, which occurs due to stimu...

The general model that dominant diseases are caused by mutations that result in a gain or change in function of the corresponding protein was challenged by the discovery that the myotonic dystrophy type 1 mutation is a CTG expansion located in the 3' untranslated portion of a kinase gene. The subsequent discovery that a similar transcribed but untranslated CCTG expansion in an intron causes the...