BACKGROUND To explore differences related to health and working conditions by comparing socio-demographic parameters, reproductive and prenatal care characteristics and working conditions among pregnant women who are employed outside the home (extra-domestic) while still performing a domestic workload versus those who perform exclusively domestic work in the home (intra-domestic). METHODS A c...

A sample of 248 enlisted active duty females married to civilian spouses completed a selfreport survey that asked about their own and their spouse's violence. The survey also asked about their sex-role attitudes, marital satisfaction, alcohol use, childhood trauma, and depression. Results identified patterns of intimate partner violence and their relationship to the psychosocial risk factors. F...

background: pigeons ( columba livia ) have been kept as pet and reared for food in several countries including iran. ectoparasites are regarded as the basic causes of retardation in growth, lowered vitality and poor conditions of the birds. pseudolynchia canariensis a hippoboscidae fly is one of the important ectoparasites of pigeons and is respon­sible for the transmission of pathogens to bird...

b a ckground: a survey on tick species composition was carried out in golestan province iran during year 2010–2011.the aim was to determine tick species parasitizing domestic ruminants and their seasonal population dynamics. methods: a total of 124 sheep, 92 goats, 84 cattle, 74 camels and 12 horses in several villages were inspected for tick infestation. the collected ticks preserved in 70% al...

background: domestic violence is a concern in the communities and need a wide attention. violence against women can cause all kinds of physical and mental illness. this is a threat to woman’s and family member’s health. stress, anxiety and depression during pregnancy are risk factors for adverse consequences. little is known about the level of the mental illnesses in women who exposed to domest...

conclusions the results of the study showed a high prevalence of domestic violence in iran, which requires the adoption of appropriate measures and the initiation of effective interventions by the legal authorities. these measures and interventions should aim to determine the causes of domestic violence and to develop ways of controlling and reducing this destructive phenomenon. results based o...

This paper compares the performance of purely domestic plants, domestic exporters and domestic multinationals. For our empirical analysis we utilise a non-parametric approach based on the principle of first order stochastic dominance. We find that the distributions for multinationals dominate that of domestic exporters and non-exporters, while we do not find clear differences in plant performan...

We explore the effects of environmental and trade policies with negative consumption externalities when a domestic firm and a foreign rival produce imperfect substitutes and compete in the domestic market. Consumption of the foreign product generates more emissions than that of the domestic product. Emission taxes reduce emissions, harm the foreign firm, but may benefit the domestic firm. Tarif...

Global HIV control funding falls short of need. To maximize health outcomes, it is critical that national governments sustain reasonable commitments, and that international donor assistance be distributed according to country needs and funding gaps. We develop a country classification framework in terms of actual versus expected national domestic funding, considering resource needs and donor fi...