Autophagy and the DNA damage response (DDR) are biological processes essential for cellular and organismal homeostasis. Herein, we summarize and discuss emerging evidence linking DDR to autophagy. We highlight published data suggesting that autophagy is activated by DNA damage and is required for several functional outcomes of DDR signaling, including repair of DNA lesions, senescence, cell dea...

ECONOMIC LEADERS FROM AROUND the world gathered in Hanoi, Vietnam for the 14 Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) meeting in November of 2006. With this year’s theme of “Towards a Dynamic Community for Sustainable Development and Prosperity,” the APEC community strived to make clear its support for the Doha Development Agenda. In addition, the forum emphasized the need to protect human secu...

In the wake of the 2007-08 food crisis that brought higher and more volatile food prices, many countries expressed increased interest in pursuing policies to bolster their levels of food self-sufficiency. At the same time, there has also been widespread critique of policies designed to support food self-sufficiency, on the grounds that they are inefficient and can disrupt trade. This debate has...

More generally, globalization of trade in goods, services, and assets continues to move forward at an impressive pace, despite some indications of increased resistance to that process and the evident difficulties in completing the Doha Round. The volume of trade relative to world gross domestic product has been rising for decades, largely because of decreasing transportation costs and lowered t...

Asia is on the rise with increasing significance in the global economy. In parallel, regional cooperation and integration is becoming stronger, bringing both benefits and costs. The region is diverse, and so are the challenges that must be overcome to achieve greater trade and financial integration. For trade, with the Doha Round stymied, what is the best route to take in untangling the noodle ...

The objective of this study is to measure the effect of global policy reforms on rice trade, prices, and economic welfare. The Doha Round of multilateral trade negotiations aims to increase market access, and reduce or eliminate export subsidies and trade distorting domestic price supports. Two modeling frameworks are used to estimate trade, price and economic welfare effects of policy reforms....

Since its foundation ten years ago, the World Trade Organisation (WTO) has become the focus of debate about governance of the world economy. It has been denounced by its critics and lauded by its supporters as a standard-bearer for free trade. In practice, it has become a central battle-ground over fairness and justice in a wide range of global economic regulation issues. The current suspension...

Cullin/RING ubiquitin ligases (CRL) comprise the largest subfamily of ubiquitin ligases. CRLs are involved in cell cycle regulation, DNA replication, DNA damage response (DDR), development, immune response, transcriptional regulation, circadian rhythm, viral infection, and protein quality control. One of the main functions of CRLs is to regulate the DDR, a fundamental signaling cascade that mai...