More than twenty-five years ago, the first hospital policies on orders not to resuscitate were published in the medical literature (1–3). As it was then, few initials in medicine today evoke as much symbolism or controversy as the DNR (donot-resuscitate) order. The development of the DNR order marked a pivotal change in the delivery of medical care, for instead of instructing others to deliver ...

IMPORTANCE While data exist regarding the frequency and timing of the do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order in children, little is known about clinician attitudes and behaviors regarding this order. OBJECTIVE To identify clinician attitudes regarding the meaning, implication, and timing of the DNR order for pediatric patients. DESIGN Physicians and nurses from practice settings where advance care ...

BACKGROUND Daunorubicin (DNR)-induced cardiotoxicity, which is closely associated with cardiomyocyte apoptosis, limits the drug's clinical application. The activation of the extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERKs) pathway is responsible for the pro-apoptosis effect of DNR Sodium ferulate (SF) has recently been found to attenuate both DNR-induced cardiotoxicity and mitochondrial apoptosis...

BACKGROUND Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, a potentially lifesaving procedure, is initiated on hospitalized patients who have an arrest in the absence of a written do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order. New York State Law specifies that attending physicians may write a DNR order on an adult patient either with his/her consent or that of a surrogate. Under specified circumstances, concurring physician a...

Anthracycline daunorubicin (DNR) is one of the major antitumor agents widely used in the treatment of myeloid leukemia. Unfortunately, the clinical efficacy of DNR was limited because of its cytotoxity at high dosage. As a novel cytoprotective mechanism for tumor cell to survive under unfavorable conditions, autophagy has been proposed to play a role in drug resistance of tumor cells. Whether D...

Recently updated cervical screening guidelines have proposed a 5-year screening interval for women aged 30 years and older with "double-negative" Papanicolaou (Pap) and high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) results (DNR); however, published US follow-up data on women with DNR tested with US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) - approved HPV testing are limited to studies from Kaiser Permanente ...

Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders in the perioperative environment must be managed according to national and institutional guidelines. Health care professionals, including perioperative nurses, may be unfamiliar with the guidelines and unsure of their role in reevaluating a DNR order. We conducted a multidisciplinary quality improvement project at a metropolitan community hospital that aimed to i...

PURPOSE The objectives of this research were to assess the biocompatibility of self-assembled Fe(3)O(4) magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) loaded with daunorubicin (DNR), ie, (Fe(3)O(4)-MNPs/DNR), and to explore their potential application in the treatment of hematologic malignancies. METHODS A hemolysis test was carried out to estimate the hematologic toxicity of Fe(3)O(4)- MNPs/DNR and a micronu...

Background. Do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders are often active in patients with multiple comorbidities and a short natural life expectancy, but limited information exists as to how often these patients undergo high-risk operations and of the perioperative outcomes in this population. Methods. Using comprehensive inpatient administrative data from the Public Discharge Data file (years 2005 through...

Objective: In oncology and hematology care, a patient can have such a poor prognosis that cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) for cardiac arrest is not considered feasible. The responsible physician can then decide to apply a do-not-resuscitate (DNR) order, meaning that neither basic (heart compressions and ventilation) nor advanced (defibrillator or medicines) CPR should be performed. Previous...